pdfpresentation

⑴ PS的快捷鍵有哪些

ps常用快捷鍵

快捷命令，是ps為了提高繪圖速度定義的快捷方式，它用一個或幾個簡單的字母來代替常用的命令，使我們不用去記憶眾多的長長的命令，也不必為了執行一個命令，在菜單和工具欄上尋找的方式，ps快捷鍵獲取方式點這兒。

1、工具箱

(多種工具共用一個快捷鍵的可同時按【Shift】加此快捷鍵選取)

矩形、橢圓選框工具 【M】

裁剪工具 【C】

移動工具 【V】

套索、多邊形套索、磁性套索 【L】

魔棒工具 【W】

噴槍工具 【J】

畫筆工具 【B】

橡皮圖章、圖案圖章 【S】

歷史記錄畫筆工具 【Y】

橡皮擦工具 【E】

鉛筆、直線工具 【N】

模糊、銳化、塗抹工具 【R】

減淡、加深、海棉工具 【O】

鋼筆、自由鋼筆、磁性鋼筆 【P】

添加錨點工具 【+】

刪除錨點工具 【-】

直接選取工具 【A】

文字、文字蒙板、直排文字、直排文字蒙板 【T】

度量工具 【U】

直線漸變、徑向漸變、對稱漸變、角度漸變、菱形漸變【G】

油漆桶工具【G】

吸管、顏色取樣器 【I】

抓手工具 【H】

縮放工具 【Z】

默認前景色和背景色 【D】

切換前景色和背景色 【X】

切換標准模式和快速蒙板模式 【Q】

標准屏幕模式、帶有菜單欄的全屏模式、全屏模式 【F】

臨時使用移動工具 【Ctrl】

臨時使用吸色工具 【Alt】

臨時使用抓手工具 【空格】

打開工具選項面板 【Enter】

快速輸入工具選項(當前工具選項面板中至少有一個可調節數字) 【0】至【9】

循環選擇畫筆 【[】或【]】

選擇第一個畫筆 【Shift】+【[】

選擇最後一個畫筆 【Shift】+【]】

建立新漸變(在」漸變編輯器」中) 【Ctrl】+【N】

⑵ pdf 書簽製作請教

可以使用adobe acrobat來建立頁眉和頁腳;
可以直接放在ppt裡面,然後轉換成pdf,這樣格式會好調整;
但是也可以直接從圖片轉換成pdf

⑶ 怎樣做英文presentation.pdf

把英文presentation的轉化成PDF就可以了
很高興為您解答，不理解請追問，滿意請點右上角選為滿意答案，謝謝！

⑷ presentation什麼意思

presentation的意思：提交，演出，陳述，報告，頒獎儀式。

presentation英 [ˌpreznˈteɪʃn] 美 [ˌpri:zenˈteɪʃn]

n.提交;演出;陳述，報告;頒獎儀式。

presentation的用法示例如下：

1.Checkthepresentation..

檢查一下外觀，保證有扉頁和合適的版式。

2..

她介紹事實十分詳細。

3.It'syourturntogiveapresentation.

輪到你發言了。

4..

PDF傳遞了大量的表示法及文檔控制功能。

(4)pdfpresentation擴展閱讀：

presentation的近義詞：

（1）performance英 [pəˈfɔ:məns] 美 [pərˈfɔ:rməns]

n.表現;表演;演技;執行。

（2）demonstration英 [ˌdemənˈstreɪʃn] 美 [ˌdɛmənˈstreʃən]

n.示範;證明;遊行示威;表露。

（3）appearance英 [əˈpɪərəns] 美 [əˈpɪrəns]

n.外貌，外觀;出現，露面;[哲]現象。

⑸ 英國研究生怎樣做presentation

英國翰思教育曾經看到一句很扎心的話：在「沉默的課堂」成長的中國留學生不會做Presentation。

國外大學和國內大學最大的不同就是學生的課堂參與度。在國外大學，同學們才是課堂上的主角：他們提前做好大量閱讀和預習、在課堂上面發言做Presentation，甚至會為了一個觀點與老師進行「針鋒相對」的辯論。

所以中國學生到了國外之後，首先感到的就是對於國外大學教育模式的不適應。尤其是對需要發表個人看法的Presentation難以適應。

但是，去國外讀書，Presentation永遠是躲不掉的一關。那麼，如何應對國外大學的各種學術挑戰，順利度過Presentation呢？

01.一個好的Presentation的標准

最關鍵的兩點就是清晰和有趣。

04.Presentation 用語大總結

一．開場問候

Good morning/afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.

Hello, everyone. I』m glad to see you. Thank you for coming to my presentation.

二．自我介紹

My name is …, and I come from…

My area of study is …

I have been working in the field of …

三．介紹主題

This morning/afternoon I』m going to talk to you about…

I have entitled my presentation…

My presentation today is entitled…/ is on the subject of …

The title/subject of my presentation is …

四．介紹Presentation目的

I have chosen this topic because…

The reason/ purpose why I chose this topic is …

I have two reasons of this presentation is …

In this presentation I would like to put forward the arguments for…

In this presentation I hope to give you an idea of…

五．與觀眾互動

As you know, we…

Before I get started, I』d like to show a picture…/ tell you a statistic that may surprise you…

Before going any further, let me ask you a question.

Now that is an important topic because I』m sure that many of you…

六．介紹框架結構

These are the points I』d like to talk about …

I』m going to discuss / look at the following points: …

I have divided my presentation into X main parts / the following parts

I』d like to cover / examine the following points: …

In this section I』ll deal with / describe / explain / focus on …

Firstly,… secondly, … then,… etc. and finally …

七．開始主要部分

OK / Right. Let』s start with… / by looking at…

So let』s get started with the first point…

So let』s think about…

八. 介紹圖片，表格等

I』d like to show you…

This map/graph/diagram shows…

This is a map/graph/diagram of…

As you can see here…

I think this map/graph etc. will help you to see… more clearly

I』ve prepared this map/graph etc. to show you…

九．各部分銜接（停頓、換姿勢、稍稍提高音量）

Now, .../ Right,…/Ok/So..

What is …?

That brings me to my next point.

So, now let』s look at…/move on to…/turn to…

So far I』ve discussed XXX. Now I』d like to talk about YYY.

Another important aspect of XXX is …

十．總結

In conclusion, then, …

I』d like to conclude by …

So, to sum up …

This brings me to my conclusion.

By way of conclusion, I』d like to remind you…/ leave you with this point/ recommend…

十一. 感謝及邀請問題

Thank you for your attention.

I hope you now have a better understanding of …

I hope you have found the talk interesting / useful

I』d happy to answer any questions.

Has anyone got any questions?

Please don』t hesitate to interrupt if you have any question.

其實，Presentation最重要的就是Present出去的能力，也就是演講能力。演講者的語言，節奏，眼神，表演，肢體語言等，佔70%。

在台上，大部分同學的肢體，都是不受自己意識控制的，含胸駝背，畏手畏腳，左右搖晃，捏衣角，抓話筒，這些都是很常見的。一定要在平時練習時多多注意，改掉這些問題。

以上總結了pre的流程和技巧，除此之外還有一些「千萬不要做」的事情。

1.不要依賴演講稿。

這一點不是十分絕對的，畢竟如果要講1個小時，還不允許准備演講稿就太殘忍了。但是對於時長較短的pre，最好不要攜帶演講稿，因為一帶上去就忍不住想看兩眼，而如果照著念就完全失去pre的意義了。

其實有些時候同學們早已把內容記住，帶張紙只是圖個心裡安慰，其實是完全不需要的。如果真的真的需要講稿，只要寫個提綱就好。

2. 雙手不要插兜。

有些同學可能覺得雙手插兜的都是大佬，但是在做pre時雙手插兜是不禮貌的行為，而且顯得很不自信。可以提前設計一下手勢動作，實在不知道怎麼辦就像禮儀小姐一樣雙手交叉放在前面，但是就是不要插兜哦。

3. 不要「嗯…啊…」。

也許是因為緊張忘詞，也許純屬個人習慣，有些人喜歡在空白處「嗯…啊…」，這樣聽起來真的非常糟糕。所以要麼多多練習，減少忘詞的出現，要麼強迫自己改掉這個習慣。當你不知道說什麼的時候就閉上嘴巴，然後動腦想想應該怎麼說，不用這些「嗯…啊…」做過渡。

4.語速不要太快。

很多人上台一緊張，語速就會不自覺的加快，或者時間快要到了的時候，更是非常慌亂的加快語速。但是，語速太快，台下的聽眾是跟不上你的速度的，效果反而非常不好。如果確實時間比較有限，發覺剩下的內容講不完了，可以舍掉一些不太重要的內容，稍微加快一下語速即可。

最後一定要拿出「老娘/老子天下第一」的自信，哪怕你其實沒准備好，或者很心虛，都要體現出自信的感覺。要知道，即便你做的再不好，也比台下的聽眾對這個問題有深入的思考，最最最差的不過是聽眾里的專業大佬一下子指出你的錯誤，那又怎樣？人家是大佬，就主動承認錯誤嘛。臉皮厚一點，挺胸抬頭，聲音洪亮，目光在聽眾身上停留幾秒進行眼神交流。

你要相信，自信是一種會傳染的情緒，你表現的越自信，帶給聽眾的感覺就越積極向上。

其實只要多加練習，做好presentation真的是很簡單的事情，希望大家都可以腹有詩書，舌燦蓮花。

⑹ ppt與pdf的區別

ppt是可以反映幻燈片的格式，比如講課，可以有動畫，聲音等效果。pdf是一種文件格式，就像wore、excel等一樣。（只不過pdf是不可以編輯的）。

Microsoft Office PowerPoint，是微軟公司的演示文稿軟體。用戶可以在投影儀或者計算機上進行演示，也可以將演示文稿列印出來，製作成膠片，以便應用到更廣泛的領域中。

利用Microsoft Office PowerPoint不僅可以創建演示文稿，還可以在互聯網上召開面對面會議、遠程會議或在網上給觀眾展示演示文稿。

Microsoft Office PowerPoint做出來的東西叫演示文稿，其格式後綴名為：ppt、pptx；或者也可以保存為：pdf、圖片格式等。2010及以上版本中可保存為視頻格式。

演示文稿中的每一頁就叫幻燈片，每張幻燈片都是演示文稿中既相互獨立又相互聯系的內容。

⑺ 如何製作學術報告PDF-The Craft of Scientific Presentations

怎麼做學術報告 復旦大學環境科學與工程系馬臻 演講與口才 演說 辯論 記者招待會/新聞發布會 主持節目 http://bbs.sogou.com/242725/llGjgO-xvURIBAAAA.html http://www.subaonet.com/html/world/20081013/0810138412223108538.html http://www.newsyn.com/html/guonei/20090324/93812.html http://www.pudong.gov.cn/attach/Image/2009-02-1992070/20090219023250750.jpg 各種presentation的形式 口頭報告（oral presentation） 牆報（poster） 商業報告 授課、講座 Presentation的其它形式——「秀」 世博會美國館介紹美國精神的短片 http://2010.qq.com/a/20100622/000071.htm#p=5 Presentation的幾個功能 1）To inform（通知、告知） 2）To persuade（勸說） 3）To inspire（號召） 當Cicero完成他的演說，人們說：「How well he spoke」。而當Demosthens完成 演說，人們說：「Let us march」。 http://pica.nipic.com/2007-05-16/2007516125638693_2.jpg 鼓舞人心的演說 http://www.kultofathena.com/images/braveheart.jpg http://www.dragons.dk/WW/braveheart5.gif 為什麼做報告的能力這么重要？ Being able to make a strong presentation is not only important for communicating the work, but also important for communicating one』s important contribution to the work. Audiences often assign credit for the work to the person who makes the presentation, even if that person presents on behalfof a team. ---- Michael Alley, 「The Craft of Scientific Presentation」, p. 2 C.W. 「Paul」 Chu (朱經武) 休斯敦大學 Maw-Kuen Wu (吳茂昆) 當時在阿拉巴馬大學 為什麼做報告的能力這么重要？ George W. Bush John F. Kerry 「反面教材」 1986年1月，美國宇航飛船挑戰者號，在空中解體。事先工程師們強烈建議美國宇航局 推遲發射，但是美國宇航局拒不採納建議。為什麼？ ----Michael Alley, 「The Craft of Scientific Presentation」, p. 5-7 Morton‐Thiokol』s?presentation?to?NASA?suffered? because?of?all?capital?letters?on?the?slides PRIMARY CONCERNS FIELD JOINT - HIGHEST CONCERN ? EROSION PENETRATIONOF PRIMARY SEAL REQUIRES RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL FOR PRESSURE INTEGRITY ? IGNITION TRANSIENT - (0-600 MS) ? (0-170 MS) HIGH PROBABILITY OF RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL ? (170-330 MS) REDUCED PROBABILITY OFRELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL ? (330-600 MS) HIGH PROBABILITY OF NO SECONDARY SEAL CAPABILITY ? STEADY STATE - (600 MS - 2 MINUTES) ? IF EROSION PENETRATES PRIMARY O-RING SEAL - HIGH PROBABILITY OF NO SECONDARY SEAL CAPABILITY ? BENCH TESTING SHOWED O-RING NOT CAPABLE OF MAINTAINING CONTACT WITH METAL PARTS GAP OPERATING TO MEOP ? BENCH TESTING SHOWED CAPABILITY TO MAINTAIN O-RING CONTACT DURING INITIAL PHASE (0 - 170 MS) OF TRANSIENT Morton‐Thiokol?Presentation??to?NASA January?27,?1986 http://www.writing.engr.psu.e/handbook/visuals/02.ppt 做報告的口訣——OPEN UP！ OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice 做報告的口訣 OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice Organized的「反面教材」 http://www.presentationmagazine.com/humour.htm 學術報告的結構 Beginning Middle Ending ---- The Craft of Scientific Presentations 學術報告的結構（注意過渡） Middle Topic 1 Beginning Topic 2 Ending Topic 3 ---- The Craft of Scientific Presentations http://alchemy.chem.uwm.e/sanluis4/SummerSchoolPDF/Zaera.pdfhttp://www.efcats.org/pages/presentation/oralpresentation.html網頁說，如 果你講一篇文章，聽眾的注意力隨著時間的推移遞減，到最後結論部分才 上升。要吸引聽眾，就是要不斷地在當中加料、加油。也就是說要把報告 分為幾個部分（幾個例子、幾條路線）。這樣，每一部分的開頭，聽眾有 新鮮感。 單張PPT的組織 http://www.sandia.gov/NINE/images/NINE%20Tech%20Workshop%20Posters% 20and%20Presentations/Tuttle%20Presentation.jpg 單張PPT的組織 http://www.organicfuels.com/library/art/Organic%20Fuels%20Presentation% 20FO%20Lichts%202008%2004%2023.png 做報告的「反面教材」 上面堆滿了文字 Morton‐Thiokol』s?presentation?to?NASA?suffered? because?of?all?capital?letters?on?the?slides PRIMARY CONCERNS FIELD JOINT - HIGHEST CONCERN ? EROSION PENETRATION OF PRIMARY SEAL REQUIRES RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL FOR PRESSURE INTEGRITY ? IGNITION TRANSIENT - (0-600 MS) ? (0-170 MS) HIGH PROBABILITY OF RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL ? (170-330 MS) REDUCED PROBABILITY OF RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL ? (330-600 MS) HIGH PROBABILITY OF NO SECONDARY SEAL CAPABILITY ? STEADY STATE - (600 MS - 2 MINUTES) ? IF EROSION PENETRATES PRIMARY O-RING SEAL - HIGH PROBABILITY OF NO SECONDARY SEAL CAPABILITY ? BENCH TESTING SHOWED O-RING NOT CAPABLE OF MAINTAINING CONTACT WITH METAL PARTS GAP OPERATING TO MEOP ? BENCH TESTING SHOWED CAPABILITY TO MAINTAIN O-RING CONTACT DURING INITIAL PHASE (0 - 170 MS) OF TRANSIENT Morton‐Thiokol?Presentation??to?NASA January?27,?1986 好一點（圖文並茂） http://www.writing.engr.psu.e/handbook/visuals/02.ppt http://www.1000ventures.com/design_elements/selfmade/presentation_message _components.png 做報告的「反面教材」 有的人slide背景是深色的，上面堆滿 了淺色的文字，看起來很吃力。 好一點（干凈整潔） http://0.tqn.com/d/presentationsoft/1/0/J/O/-/-/01hyperlink.png http://www.biau.org/res/_images/res_conf_presentation_clip_image002.gif 做報告的「反面教材」 都是表，讓人不知道你要強調什 么，也找不到關鍵信息。 A figure is better than 1000 words. http://www.pencomputing.com/images/presentation3.jpg http://oralpresentationskills.com/images/oral_presentation_skills.png 做報告的口訣 OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice Passionate 帶著激情去作報告。為什麼有 些報告內容是好的，效果卻不好？ 因為做報告者缺乏激情。那麼為什 么要展現激情？有的書上說，如果 你自己不愛你自己的科學，又怎能 讓下面的聽眾愛你的科學呢？又有 的書說，當你站在講台上的時候， 觀眾就默認你有重要的、有趣的東 西介紹給大家，而如果你表現出你 講的東西不重要、沒有趣，那麼聽 眾就對你的可信度打折扣了。 Posture http://www.bradmontgomery.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/gesture.jpg 做報告的「反面教材」 Hands in pockets Arms crossed http://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/9503961/2/istockphoto _9503961-happy-mature-businessman-with-his-hands-in-pockets.jpg http://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/422872/422872,1277760804,1/ stock-photo-happy-businessman-standing-with-hands-in-pocket-in-front-of-windowslooking-at-camera-smiling-56155045.jpg 做報告的「反面教材」 Hands on hips Parade rest http://www.elite-view.com/art/Ecation/History/255642~Adolf-Hitler-Poised-Hands-on-Hips-Sporting-Lederhosen-and-Shirt-with-Swastika-Arm-Patch-Posters.jpg http://www.hardscrabblefarm.com/images/ww2/drill_manual/parade_rest_woarms.gif Voice Inflection http://www.idratherbewriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/voiceover.gif 做報告的「反面教材」 有的教授在報告中不時出現毫無意義的口頭禪 (verbal graffiti)： 1）We actually... 2）We clearly… 3）It is clearly… 4）Frankly… 5）To be honest… 6）Well… 7）I mean,... 8）You know... 9）Like I said before... 10）..., OK? 11）..., right? graffiti 做報告的口訣 OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice Engaging http://www.o2.com/cr/report2005/images_content/engaging.jpg Engaging的「反面教材」 http://www.sequenceweb.co.uk/resources/image/Poor%20presentation.jpg Humor 《美國人演講靠什麼抓住觀眾？》 小布希總統在伊拉克演講遭遇記者「丟 鞋」事件後，有個演講者這樣開場：「今天我 來這里演講，如果有觀眾想扔鞋的話，請 一定要扔兩只，並且最好是43碼的。」 Speak to the interests of your audience 美菱推出一種新冰箱，說有十種自有 產權技術。但這樣的廣告不好。後來，專 家想出個點子，把該冰箱取名美菱第二代 冰箱。號稱第一代冰箱是保質冰箱，東西 放進去不會爛；而第二代冰箱是保鮮冰箱 ，不但不會爛，菜還是那麼水靈，水果不 皺皮，還是那樣新鮮。 Eye contact http://cypressmedia.net/articles/article/24/important_presentation_pointers 做報告的「反面教材」 有的人眼鏡看著屏幕，屁股對著聽眾。 http://www.haldaneconsulting.com/images/communication-presentation-skills-home.jpg http://www.imagegroupuk.com/includes/spaw2/uploads/images/Presentation%20main.jpg 做報告的「反面教材」 照著念稿。 請注意不要超時！ http://globalmeetingplanning.com/resources/_wsb_327x236_bigstockphoto_ Empty_Congress_Hall_55742.jpg http://bw.stma.k12.mn.us/resources/2nd_grade/_image/clock.gif 做報告的口訣 OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice Natural http://www.handcar.net/images/NaturalBridges.jpg 做報告的口訣 OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice Know Your Audience http://www.presentationmagazine.com/humour.htm 聽眾和場合的細分 1）到中學去作報告。 2）給本科生授課。 3）給研究生授課。 4）在課題組內部作組會報告。 5）畢業論文答辯。 6）參加專業會議，聽眾為「小同行」。 7）參加學術會議，聽眾為「大同行」+「小同行」。 8）面對新聞記者和社會公眾，召開新聞發布會。 9）對企業界老總推銷自己研發的技術。 如果是「混合型」聽眾怎麼辦？ First Major Topic Second Major Topic Ending Intro time Nontechnical General technical Specialist depth ---- The Craft of Scientific Presentations 做報告的口訣 OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice Practice（Prepare） 第164頁寫道：「為了成為出色 的演說家，我要求自己每個月做兩 次演講，而且，每次都要我的同學 或朋友去旁聽，為我提出反饋意見 ；我對自己承諾，不事先排練三次 ，決不上台演講；我要求自己每個 月去聽演講，並向優秀的演說家請 教。」 Prepare Start preparing as soon as you are given (or accept) a speaking assignment. You have much to do, and to do it right take time. ----101 Secretsof Highly Effective Speakers Practice的方式 可以叫同學和老師陪練，提出各種 尖銳的問題（這些問題也是將來聽眾會 產生疑惑的地方），然後針對問題補充 、修改內容。 人要衣裝 穿上西裝和皮鞋使你更顯得職業化 ，提高你在公眾面前的「可信度」，並使 自己信心倍增，「演出」效果更好。 http://cypressmedia.net/articles/article/22/final_preparations_for_your_presentation 讓我們再回顧一下做報告的口訣——OPEN UP！ OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice 

⑻ 關於一個英文presentation 和IT方面有關系

這有幾個pdf的你參考一下吧：
http://www.cigital.com/papers/download/bsi3-risk.pdf

http://users.ece.gatech.e/~leehs/pub/drm04.pdf

http://www.treeage.com/resources/includes/Victor_cs.pdf

http://www.solver.com/ForesightSoftwareReview.pdf

http://www.pmforum.org/library/tips/2006/PDFs/Project_Risk_Analysis_and_Prioritzation.pdf

Risk Analysis Control & Assessment
Risk Analysis, Control & Assessment
Computer Database Software Risks
Controls Assessment is a risk assessment and risk management method used to identify and evaluate controls to manage and rece risk in computer software.

This discussion offers a framework for enumerating and analyzing controls in computer programs so as to rece business risk. The controls assessment method will help determine if additional controls or proceres are warranted based on cost benefit assessment.

Some examples of software which should be considered for risk assessment are:

Spreadsheet used periodically to analyze data

Department- or Group-level database such as Microsoft Access

Financial package such as Quick Books or a custom developed application

Process-control computer

Security/fire systems

Corporate-wide CRM databases

Software Controls Assessment (SCA) should be implemented as a standard operating procere risk assessment in your business. The assessment is concted on a scheled basis. The frequency of the SCA will depend on your business as well as the criticality of the computer program. Typically review cycles range from 1 to 5 years. The reason for the repeated application of the SCA process is that there is nothing more consistent in business than change - especially when it comes to computers.

We recommend that you develop preprinted forms (or a database system) to record all information in the process.

The Assessment Process
An outline of the key steps in a SCA process follows:

I. Starting SRA
1) Inventory all computer systems. This inventory would include key attributes of the programs such as:

a) Purpose

b) Location

c) Responsible Person

d) General importance to the business

i) High

ii) Medium

iii) Low

2) Prioritize the IT Computer Controls Analyses of the above systems based on the general importance (1d above) of each.

3) Establish one or more teams to perform the SCAs. Ideally, the team members should represent several disciplines within the company, such as software, finance, management and system subject-matter specialist.

Software Risk Assessment & Risk Management Steps
II. Risk Assessment Steps
1) Identify system output(s).

2) For each output determine the events that could happen to the output or information. Some events to consider are:

a) Long-term unavailability of output

b) Intermediate-term unavailability

c) Short term unavailability - may be seconds or minutes in some cases

d) Premature dissemination of time-critical information (e.g., web post too early)

e) Dissemination of output to unauthorized indivials (e.g., classified or sensitive information)

f) Missing or lost output (e.g., batch run of retirement checks – one check missing)

g) Errors/miscalculations in output

3) For each event in 2 above determine the criticality / importance to the business. The criticality is most often distilled to a dollar amount of loss to the business. This dollar amount may be derived by considering some of the following results stemming from the events:

a) Theft/loss of money

b) Lost lead time for procts

c) Loss of information to a competitor

d) Incorrect decisions based on erroneous data

e) Law suit

f) Fire/Flood, or other preventable disaster

4) Determine the probability (high, medium, low) of occurrence of each event identified in 2 above.

5) For each event cataloged in 2 above identify one or more possible scenarios that could cause the event to happen. For a first-time SCA develop these scenarios without regard to any existing controls. Determine the probability (high, medium, low) of occurrence for each scenario. It is helpful to discuss how the event could happen when determining the probability.

6) At this step we determine if further work needs to be done based upon the event-criticality versus the scenario-probability (C/P index). You may decide that you do not want to pursue further assessment for C/P indexes of Low/Low. If a software system has only an Low/Low C/P index, then the SCA process stops here – time to wrap up the documentation and file it for future review.

7) For those software systems that have C/P indexes other than Low/Low you will want to complete the SCA.

8) For each output-event-scenario combination, define controls that might be put into place to prevent the instance. For first- time SCAs identify controls that already exist and mark them as existing. Types of controls are:

a) Separation of ties

b) Internet fire wall installation

c) Emergency power backup

d) Fire suppression/flood detection system installation

e) Password protection/expiration of passwords

f) Inclusion of software system in company disaster recovery plan

9) Determine the cost of each new control

10) Analyze the cost versus the potential loss to determine if implementation of each control is justified.

11) For those controls to be implemented determine a schele for implementation.

12) Last step is to schele a review of the SCA at some future date.

Process Summary
III. Summary

Overall the process for program risk assessment is pretty simple:

Catalog application programs

Prioritize order of SCA processing

Identify program outputs

Identify what can go wrong with the outputs

Identify controls that will prevent/detect problems with the output

Evaluate the cost/benefit of implementing the controls

Track control implementation and schele an SCA review

2
If you thought that building complex models for simulation or discrete analysis would require buying ridiculously expensive software and then writing code on top of that... we have good news for you!

ReliaSoft's RENO software tool is a powerful and user-friendly platform for building and running complex analyses for any probabilistic or deterministic scenario using an intuitive flowchart modeling approach and simulation. You can create flowchart models for complex reliability analyses, risk and safety analyses, decision making or maintenance planning. You can also build models for other applications, such as optimizing your stock portfolio or testing your blackjack strategy!

Software Features
RENO employs a visual and intuitive flowcharting approach to allow you to build models for analyzing even the most complex probabilistic or deterministic scenarios. The software provides an array of definitions and constructs that will allow you to model the situation that you wish to examine. It also provides built-in auto-complete, IntelliSense, color-coding and "debugger" features that will help you build and verify the model. You can then apply simulation to estimate or optimize the results that you need for risk analysis, complex reliability modeling, maintenance planning, operational research, financial planning or other analysis objectives.

RENO Features Summary

Available Training
ReliaSoft offers a two-day training course that focuses on the principles of probabilistic event and risk analysis using flowchart simulation. The course provides hands-on training with the RENO software tool including numerous case studies that address complex reliability analyses, risk and safety analyses, and optimization methods.

RS 525: Simulation Modeling for Reliability and Risk Analysis
Step-by-Step Training Guide (*.pdf)

Applications and Benefits
You can use RENO for a wide variety of applications including, but not limited to:

Risk/Safety Analysis
Complex Reliability Modeling
Decision Making
Maintenance Planning
Optimization
Operational Research
Financial Analysis
You can use the flowchart models that you create with RENO to estimate results of interest, perform sensitivity analysis to evaluate how key inputs will affect the results and automatically estimate optimum values by performing multiple simulation runs.

3
Risk Analysis Software
The business world is filled with uncertainty. Will a new proct launch be successful? Will a project go off schele and over budget? Will a key supplier fail to deliver materials on time? The Vanguard System™ helps businesses understand and plan for uncertainty using a comprehensive quantitative risk analysis approach. Vanguard's risk analysis software will help you identify the sources of business risk and plan corrective actions.

A History of Simplistic Analysis
Risk analysis is a complex process. There are countless sources of risk in every area of a business and each spawns ripple effects throughout the enterprise. These interactions are far too complex for any one indivial to understand fully. Historically, many companies have been forced to accept simplistic forms of risk analysis such as "street light" indicators (red, yellow, green), point estimates (representing a single scenario), or limited range estimates (Best- and Worst-case scenarios).

The Analysis You Really Need
Vanguard offers an alternative: the analysis you really need! Vanguard is the first risk analysis software to give you complete visibility and insight into your business. Due to its sophisticated yet simple interface, Vanguard enables you to capture expert knowledge from within your company and apply it to your risk analyses. Leveraging your existing company knowledge with our unique combination of Expert System technology and advanced analytical methods gives you the power to facedown risky decisions and grow your business more confidently.

Use Vanguard for indivial risk analysis projects and as a core component of corporate risk management strategies.

Vanguard can automatically identify which risks
are most important to your company.

Enterprise Knowledge Capture
The knowledge your business needs to build comprehensive risk models lies with expert employees who are spread through out organization. With Vanguard, you no longer need to rely on the analysis of a single modeler with second-hand knowledge. Instead, Vanguard enables you to directly involve key experts in a collaborative modeling process to create a collective intelligence that is unachievable any other way. This collective intelligence is captured as component models in a reusable knowledge base, or model library, that grows through continued use.

What's more, Vanguard automatically handles all of the intricate complexities of combining models when they are built by people in different countries using different currencies, different time scales, and different update scheles.

Fully-Quantified Impacts
Vanguard applies a variety of modeling and simulation methods to your risk models to quantify the financial and operational impacts at all levels of an enterprise. You can replace point estimates with fuzzy values that reflect your uncertainty. This helps you assess the range and likelihood of potential outcomes. Even when historical data is scarce, Vanguard knows how to interpret your management estimates, assumptions, and uncertainties.

Simulating thousands of real-world scenarios at the same time, Vanguard identifies your most important risks and opportunities. You can try your own what-if scenarios or let Vanguard show you where to focus your attention, how to optimize your resources, and which risk mitigation strategies to prepare.

Use Time-based projection simulations to illustrate
the effects of uncertainty over time.

Benefits / Features
Collaboration: Many indivials simultaneously contribute to an analysis effort. Like building blocks, easily combine their knowledge, assumptions, and historical data into risk models.
Roll up / Drill down: Roll-up your analysis to see the effects on the enterprise as a whole, or drill down into specific areas of the business for greater detail and understanding.
Instant Web reports: With a few clicks, Vanguard turns models into interactive Web reports. Access your models anytime from anywhere, fully exercise the models in real time, and distribute your results to everyone who needs them.
Open and transparent: Models are displayed graphically and use plain English formulas, making them easy to communicate to colleagues, management, or clients. Anyone can quickly review assumptions, gain insight into your results, and provide feedback.
Reusable model library: You do not have to re-invent the wheel with each new planning and analysis effort. Simply search your model library to find similar or related models that you can update, link to, or specialize.
Easy integration: Vanguard integrates directly with your existing business systems such as databases, enterprise applications, and even spreadsheets.

不知道能不能幫上忙

⑼ 使用java怎樣把ppt轉化成PDF

使用free spire.presentation for java
import com.spire.presentation.FileFormat;
import com.spire.presentation.Presentation;
public class PPTToPDF {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Presentation ppt = new Presentation();
ppt.loadFromFile("xx.ppt");
ppt.saveToFile("xx.pdf", FileFormat.PDF);
}
}

⑽ PDF5MB最多能寫多少個英文單詞啊

500個詞即可： Offer， package， resume，plant manager，supervisor， superitedent, poject, multi-functional team, team-work, workshop, presentation, wrap-up, case, case-study, drive-away, automobile, mobile phone, world-wide-web。