建筑英语pdf

‘壹’ 哪里有建筑学方面的原版英文书

这些都是pdf的：

http://www.dspace.org/technology/architecture.pdf

http://www.koolbamboo.com/Modern%20bamboo%20architecture.pdf

http://www.acrobatplanet.com/non-fictions-ebook/download-free-ebook-rural-architecture.html

http://www.brookings.e/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2009/07_asia_pacific_hu/07_asia_pacific_hu.pdf

http://www.iabforum.com/assets/files/iab_jul06/Architecture-building%20it%20clean.pdf

http://espace.uq.e.au/eserv/UQ:9528/ethno_architects.pdf

http://www.ordosprize.org/media/common/upload/Ordos%20Prize%20News%20Release.pdf

还有就是你可以在你们那的图书馆找找

‘贰’ 建筑 英语怎么说

建筑

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[词性]：vt.pl.
[拼音]：jiàn zhù
[解释]：architecture; building; build; erect for; construct; erect ; building; 1.to build; to construct; to erect; to put up; to set up 2.a building; a structure; an edifice; an erection 3.architecture ; amphiprostyle; architectural; architectural & instrial ceramics; architectural & instrial ceramics; building/construct; buildings; const; construct; construction; enneastylos; in the construction of
[参考词典]：汉英综合大词典 汉英综合科技大辞典 汉英综合大词典 汉英法学大词典 汉英航海大词典 汉英综合大词典

建筑；建筑物 bldg
建筑物建筑 building
建筑学；建筑物 architecture
建筑物建筑大厦 building
建筑者 builder; constructor
建筑证书 building certificate
建筑执照 building permit; licence for the construction
建筑纸 building paper
建筑纸板 building paperboard; building paperboard; wallboard
建筑中 under construction
建筑周期 building cycle
建筑轴线 building axis
建筑柱式 architectural orders; architectural order; orders of ....
建筑专家 building expert
建筑砖 building brick
建筑装饰 architectural decoration; architectural ornament
建筑准备 reserve for construction
建筑资金 construction fund

‘叁’ 高分求涉及建筑的英文论文材料

Uniaxial stress–strain relationship of concrete confined by various shaped steel tubes

K.A.S. Susantha, Hanbin Ge, Tsutomu Usami *

Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
Received 31 May 2000; received in revised form 19 December 2000; accepted 14 February 2001

Abstract
A method is presented to predict the complete stress–strain curve of concrete subjected to triaxial compressive stresses caused by axial load plus lateral pressure e to the confinement action in circular, box and octagonal shaped concrete-filled steel tubes. Available empirical formulas are adopted to determine the lateral pressure exerted on concrete in circular concrete-filled steel columns. To evaluate the lateral pressure exerted on the concrete in box and octagonal shaped columns, FEM analysis is adopted with the help of a concrete–steel interaction model. Subsequently, an extensive parametric study is concted to propose an empirical
equation for the maximum average lateral pressure, which depends on the material and geometric properties of the columns. Lateral pressure so calculated is correlated to confined concrete strength through a well known empirical formula. For determination of the post-peak stress–strain relation, available experimental results are used. Based on the test results, approximated expressions to predict the slope of the descending branch and the strain at sustained concrete strength are derived for the confined concrete in columns having each type of sectional shapes. The predicted concrete strength and post-peak behavior are found to exhibit good
agreement with the test results within the accepted limits. The proposed model is intended to be used in fiber analysis involving beam–column elements in order to establish an ultimate state prediction criterion for concrete-filled steel columns designed as earthquake resisting structures. •2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Concrete-filled tubes; Confinement; Concrete strength; Ductility; Stress–strain relation; Fiber analysis

1. Introction

Concrete-filled steel tubes (CFT) are becoming increasingly popular in recent decades e to their excellent earthquake resisting characteristics such as high ctility and improved strength. As a result, numerous experimental investigations have been carried out in recent years to examine the overall performance of CFT columns [1–11]. Although the behavior of CFT columns has been extensively examined, the concrete core confinement is not yet well understood. Many of the previous research works have been mainly focused on investigating the performance of CFT columns with various limitations. The main variables subjected to such limitations were the concrete strength, plate width-to- thickness (or radius-to-thickness) ratios and shapes of the sections. Steel strength, column slenderness ratio and rate of loading were also additionally considered. It is understandable that examination of the effects of all the above factors on performances of CFTs in a wider range, exclusively on experimental manner, is difficult and costly. This can be overcome by following a suitable numerical theoretical approach which is capable of handling many experimentally unmanageable situations. At present, finite element analysis (FEM) is considered as the most powerful and accurate tool to simulate the actual behavior of structures. The accurate constitutive relationships for materials are essential for reliable results when such analysis proceres are involved. For example, CFT behavior may well be investigated through a suitable FEM analysis procere, provided that appropriate steel and concrete material models are available. One of the simplest yet powerful techniques for the examination of CFTs is fiber analysis. In this procere the cross section is discretized into many small regions where a uniaxial constitutive relationship of either concrete or steel is assigned. This type of analysis can be employed to predict the load–displacement relationships of CFT columns designed as earthquake resisting structures. The accuracy involved with the fiber analysis is found to be quite satisfactory with respect to the practical design purposes.

At present, an accurate stress–strain relationship for steel, which is readily applicable in the fiber analysis, is currently available [12]. However, in the case of concrete, only a few models that are suited for such analysis can be found [3,8,9]. Among them, in Tomii and Sakino’s model [3], which is applicable to square shaped columns, the strength improvement e to confinement has been neglected. Tang et al. [8] developed a model for circular tubes by taking into account the effect of geometry and material properties on strength enhancement as well as the post-peak behavior. Watanabe et al. [9] concted model tests to determine a stress–strain relationship for confined concrete and subsequently proposed a method to analyze the ultimate behavior of concrete-filled box columns considering local buckling of component plates and initial imperfections. Among the other recent investigations, the work done by Schneider [10] investigated the effect of steel tube shape and wall thickness on the ultimate strength of the composite columns. El-Tawil and Deierlein [11] reviewed and evaluated the concrete encased composite design provisions of the American Concrete Institute Code (ACI 318) [13], the AISC-LRFD Specifications [14] and the AISC Seismic Provisions [15], based on fiber section analyses considering the inelastic behavior of steel and concrete.

In this study, an analytical approach based on the existing experimental results is attempted to determine a complete uniaxial stress–strain law for confined concrete in relatively thick-walled CFT columns. The primary objective of the proposed stress–strain model is its application in fiber analysis to investigate the inelastic behavior of CFT columns in compression or combined compression and bending. Such analyses are useful in establishing rational strength and ctility prediction proceres of seismic resisting structures. Three types of sectional shapes such as circular, box and octagonal are considered. A concrete–steel interaction model is employed to estimate the lateral pressure on concrete. Then, the maximum lateral pressure is correlated to the strength of confined concrete through an empirical formula. A method based on the results of fiber analysis using assumed concrete models is adopted to calibrate the post-peak behavior of the proposed model. Finally, the complete axial load–average axial strain curves obtained through the fiber analysis using the newly proposed material model are compared with the test results. It should be noted that a similar type of interaction model as used in this study has been adopted by Nishiyama et al. [16], which has been combined with a so called peak load condition line in order to determine the maximum lateral pressure on reinforced concrete columns.

Meanwhile, previous researches [17,18] indicate that the stress–strain relationship of concrete under compressive load histories proces an envelope curve identical to the stress–strain curve obtained under monotonic loading. Therefore, in further studies, the proposed confined uniaxial stress–strain law can be extended to a cyclic stress–strain relationship of confined concrete by including a suitable unloading/reloading stress–strain rule.

2. Theoretical background
2.1. Characteristic points on confined concrete stress–strain curve

Referring to Fig. 1（General stress–strain curves for confined and unconfined concrete.）, the following characteristic points have been identified to define a complete stress–strain curve when concrete is confined by surrounding steel tubes. The notation in the figure is as follows: f ’c is the strength of unconfined concrete; f ’cc is the strength of confined concrete; εc is the strain at the peak of unconfined concrete; εcc is the strain at the peak of confined concrete; εu is the ultimate strain of unconfined concrete; fu is the ultimate strength of unconfined concrete; εcu is the ultimate strain of confined concrete; and αf ’cc is the resial strength of confined concrete at very high strain levels. The expression for the complete stress–strain curve is defined as suggested by Popovics [19], which was later modified by Mander et al. [20] and given by where fc and ε denote the longitudinal compressive stress and strain, respectively; Ec stands for the tangent molus of elasticity of concrete. It should be noted that Eq. (1) has been defined even for the post-peak region, in this study, it is utilized only up to the peak point. The post-peak behavior is treated separately by assuming a linearly varied stress–strain relation as will be discussed in Section 4. 【1-4 Fig. 1】

2.2. Confinement action in circular CFT columns
In short CFT columns with relatively thick-walled sections designed for seismic purposes, failure is mainly caused e to concrete crushing. The mode of failure is governed by the indivial behavior of each component. The behavior of concrete in CFT columns under monotonically increasing axial load can be explained in terms of concrete–steel interaction. The confinement effect does not exist at the early stage of loading owing to the fact that the Poisson ratio of concrete is lower than that of steel at the initial loading stage. At this level of loading, the circumferential steel hoop stresses are in compression and the concrete is under lateral tension provided that no separation between concrete and steel occurs (i.e., the bond between two materials does not break). However, as the axial load increases, the lateral expansion of concrete graally becomes greater than the steel e to the change of the Poisson ratio of concrete, and therefore a radial pressure develops at the concrete– steel interface. At this stage, confinement of the concrete core is achieved and the steel is in hoop tension.
Load transferring from the steel tube to the concrete occurs at this stage. It is observed that the load at this stage is higher than the sum of loads that can be achieved by steel and concrete acting independently.

In the triaxial stress state the uniaxial compressive concrete strength can be given by 【5】 where frp is the maximum radial pressure on concrete and m is an empirical coefficient. In the past a lot of extensive experimental studies have been carried out to determine a value for coefficient m and it is found that for normal strength concrete, m is in the range of 4–6 [21]. In this study m is assumed to be 4.0. The radial pressure, fr, can be expressed by the relationship given in Eq. (6), which is easily derived by considering the equilibrium of horizontal forces on a circular section: 【6】
Here, fsr, t and D denote the circumference stress in steel, the thickness and the outer diameter of the tube, respectively.

3. Evaluation of confinement in various shaped CFT columns

3.1. Circular section

Determination of the confinement level in circular tubes is found in the method proposed by Tang et al. [8]. In this method, the change of the Poisson ratio of concrete and steel with column loading is investigated. An empirical factor, β, is introced for this purpose and subsequently the lateral pressure at the peak load is given by 【7】 Factor β is defined as 【8】 where νe and νs are the Poisson ratios of a steel tube with and without filled-in concrete, respectively. Here, νs is taken as equal to 0.50 at the maximum strength point, and νe is given by the following expressions: 【9 10】 Here, t, D and f ’c are the same as previously defined and fy stands for the yield stress of steel. The above equation is applicable for (f ’c/fy) ranging from 0.04 to 0.20 where most of the practically feasible columns are found within. A detailed description of the method can be found in Tang et al. [8]. It is clear that frp given by Eq. (7) depends on both the material properties and the geometry of the column. Subsequently, frp calculated from Eq. (7) is substituted into Eq. (5) to determine the confined concrete strength, f ’cc.

摘要部分的翻译：

各种断面形状钢管混凝土的单轴应力应变关系
K.A.S. Susantha ， Hanbin Ge, Tsutomu Usami*

土木工程学院，名古屋大学, Chikusa-ku ，名古屋 464-8603, 日本
收讫于2000年5月31日 ; 正式校定于2000年12月19日; 被认可于2001年2月14日
¬¬
摘要
一种预测受三轴压应力混凝土的完全应力-应变曲线的方法被提出，这种三轴压应力是由环形、箱形和八角形的钢管混凝土中的限制作用导致的轴向荷载加测向压力所产生的。有效的经验公式被用来确定施加于环形钢管混凝土柱内混凝土的侧向压力。FEM（有限元）分析法和混凝土-钢箍交互作用模型已被用来估计施加于箱形和八角形柱的混凝土侧向压力。接着，进行了广泛的参数研究，旨在提出一个经验公式，确定不同的筒材料和结构特性下的最大平均侧向压力。如此计算出的侧向压力通过一个着名经验公式确定出侧向受限混凝土强度。对于高峰之后的应力-应变关系的确定，使用了有效的试验结果。基于这些测试结果，和近似表达式来推算下降段的斜度和各种断面形状的筒内侧向受限混凝土在确认的混凝土强度下的应变。推算出的混凝土强度和后峰值性能在允许的界限内与测试结果吻合得非常好。所提出的模型可用于包括梁柱构件在内的纤维分析，以确定抗震结构设计中混凝土填充钢柱筒的极限状态的推算标准。 •版权所有2001 Elsevier科学技术有限公司。
关键词: 钢管混凝土；限制；混凝土强度；延性；应力应变关系；纤维分析

这是当年毕业时我的翻译，因为原文有图表等原文也超过10000字，没法在这里发，如需要原文（pdf版及word版）及全部翻译（5000字，中文），请留下邮箱。

‘肆’ “建筑”用英语怎么说

建筑的英语是：architecture 音标：[ˈɑːkɪtɛktʃə]，按照音标读。

‘伍’ 各类建筑类英语单词

建筑类英语单词有build、building、apartment、infrastructure、architecture。

一、build：

1、读音：英 [bɪld]，美 [bɪld]

2、意思：

v. 建造；开发；创建；逐渐增强

n. 体格；身材

3、例句：

That house is build of bricks.

那座房子是砖造的。

二、building：

1、读音：英 ['bɪldɪŋ]，美 ['bɪldɪŋ]

2、意思：

n. 建筑物

3、例句：

The heat had blistered the paint of the building.

酷热使建筑物上的油漆起了浮泡。

三、apartment：

1、读音：英 [ə'pɑːtmənt]，美 [ə'pɑːrtmənt]

2、意思：

n. 公寓

3、例句：

I have an apartment in downtown Manhattan.

我在曼哈顿中心区有一套住房。

四、infrastructure：

1、读音：英 ['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)]，美 ['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃər]

2、意思：

n. 基础；基础设施

3、例句：

We actively press ahead with the infrastructure development plan.

我们积极推进基础建设计划。

五、architecture：

1、读音：英 ['ɑːkɪtektʃə(r)]，美 ['ɑːrkɪtektʃər]

2、意思：

n. 建筑学；结构；一座建筑物；总称建筑物；建筑风格；【计算机】计算机构造，架构，体系结构，结构格式

3、例句：

He obtained a diploma in architecture.

他获得了建筑学的学位证书。

‘陆’ 英国着名建筑物英文简介

一、爱丁堡城堡

1、英文

Edinburgh Castle is the symbol of the spirit of Edinburgh and even Scotland. It stands on the top of the extinct volcanic rocks and overlooks the city of Edinburgh.

Every August, a military band arrangement is held here, which shows the grandeur and grandeur of Edinburgh Castle.

No one who travels to Edinburgh will miss Edinburgh Castle, which can be seen from all corners of the city centre.

Edinburgh Castle became a royal castle in the 6th century, and Edinburgh Castle has since become an important royal residence and national administrative center.

2、翻译

爱丁堡城堡是爱丁堡甚至于苏格兰精神的象征，耸立在死火山岩顶上，居高俯视爱丁堡市区，每年八月在此举办军乐队分列式，更将爱丁堡城堡庄严雄伟的气氛表露无遗。

到爱丁堡旅游的人都不会错过爱丁堡城堡，爱丁堡城堡在市中心各角落都可看到。爱丁堡城堡在6世纪时成为皇室堡垒，爱丁堡城堡自此成为重要皇家住所和国家行政中心。

二、白金汉宫

1、英文

Buckingham Palace is the principal dormitory and office of the British monarch in London.

Located in Westminster, the palace is one of the venues for national celebrations and royal welcoming ceremonies, as well as an important tourist attraction.

Buckingham Palace is also an important gathering place at a time of celebration or crisis in British history.

From 1703 to 1705, Buckingham Palace, a large town hall building, was built here by Buckingham and John Sheffield, Duke of Normanby, which constitutes the main building of today.

In 1761, George III acquired the mansion and served as a private dormitory.

Since then, the palace expansion project has lasted for more than 75 years, mainly presided over by architects John Nassy and Edward Broll, which constructed three-sided buildings for the central courtyard.

In 1837, Queen Victoria ascended the throne and Buckingham Palace became the official palace of the King of England.

At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the public facade of the palace was built, forming the image of Buckingham Palace that continues today.

During World War II, the palace chapel was destroyed by a German bomb attack.

The Queen's Gallery on its site was opened to the public in 1962, displaying the Royal Collection.

Buckingham Palace is now open to visitors. Every morning, there will be a famous handover ceremony of the guards, which has become a great view of British Royal culture.

2、翻译

白金汉宫是英国君主位于伦敦的主要寝宫及办公处。宫殿坐落在威斯敏斯特，是国家庆典和王室欢迎礼举行场地之一，也是一处重要的旅游景点。

在英国历史上的欢庆或危机时刻，白金汉宫也是一处重要的集会场所。1703-1705年，白金汉和诺曼比公爵约翰·谢菲尔德在此兴建了一处大型镇厅建筑“白金汉宫”，构成了今天的主体建筑。

1761年，乔治三世获得该府邸，并作为一处私人寝宫。此后宫殿的扩建工程持续超过了75年，主要由建筑师约翰·纳西和爱德华·布罗尔主持，为中央庭院构筑了三侧建筑。

1837年，维多利亚女王登基后，白金汉宫成为英王正式宫寝。19世纪末20世纪初，宫殿公共立面修建，形成延续至今天白金汉宫形象。二战期间，宫殿礼拜堂遭一枚德国炸弹袭击而毁；

在其址上建立的女王画廊于1962年向公众开放，展示皇家收藏品。现在的白金汉宫对外开放参观，每天清晨都会进行着名的禁卫军交接典礼，成为英国王室文化的一大景观。

三、伊丽莎白塔

1、英文

Elizabeth Tower, formerly known as Big Ben, is the Bell Tower of Westminster Palace, one of the world's famous Gothic buildings, the landmark building of London.

In June 2012, Britain announced the renaming of the Bell Tower of Big Ben, a famous landmark in London, as "Elizabeth Tower".

The tower of Elizabeth is a bell tower on the Thames River in London, England. It is one of the landmarks of London. The bell tower is 95 meters high, 7 meters in diameter and 13.5 tons in weight.

Every 15 minutes, the Westminster bell rings. Since the construction of the Jubilee Metro Line, the tower of Elizabeth has been affected. Measurements show that the tower tilts about half a meter northwest.

The tower of Elizabeth, built on April 10, 1858, is the largest clock in Britain. The tower is 320 feet tall and the minute needle is 14 feet long.

Elizabeth's tower is artificially wound. During congressional meetings, the clock shines every hour.

Every year, when the time changes between summer and winter, the clock will stop and repair, exchange parts, and adjust the tone of the clock.

2、翻译

伊丽莎白塔，旧称大本钟，即威斯敏斯特宫钟塔，世界上着名的哥特式建筑之一，伦敦的标志性建筑。

英国国会会议厅附属的钟楼的大报时钟，2012年6月，英国宣布把伦敦着名地标“大本钟”的钟楼改名为“伊丽莎白塔”。

伊丽莎白塔是坐落在英国伦敦泰晤士河畔的一座钟楼，是伦敦的标志性建筑之一。钟楼高95米，钟直径7米，重13.5吨。

每15分钟响一次，敲响威斯敏斯特钟声。自从兴建地铁Jubilee线之后，伊丽莎白塔受到影响，测量显示伊丽莎白塔朝西北方向倾斜约半米。

伊丽莎白塔于1858年4月10日建成，是英国最大的钟。塔有320英尺高，分针有14英尺长，伊丽莎白塔用人工发条，国会开会期间，钟面会发出光芒，每隔一小时报时一次。

每年的夏季与冬季时间转换时会把钟停止，进行零件的修补、交换、钟的调音等。

四、威斯敏斯特宫

1、英文

Westminster Palace, also known as the House of Parliament, is the seat of the British Parliament.

Westminster Palace is one of the representative works of Gothic Renaissance Architecture, which was listed as World Cultural Heritage in 1987.

The building consists of about 1,100 separate rooms, 100 stairs and 4.8 kilometers of corridors.

Although today's palaces were basically rebuilt in the 19th century, many of the original historical relics, such as the Westminster Hall, are still preserved.

Today they are used for major public ceremonies, such as pre-funeral displays.

2、翻译

威斯敏斯特宫，又称议会大厦是英国议会的所在地。威斯敏斯特宫是哥特复兴式建筑的代表作之一，1987年被列为世界文化遗产。

该建筑包括约1,100个独立房间、100座楼梯和4.8公里长的走廊。尽管今天的宫殿基本上由19世纪重修而来，但依然保留了初建时的许多历史遗迹，如威斯敏斯特厅，今天用作重大的公共庆典仪式，如国葬前的陈列等。

五、伦敦眼

1、英文

London Eye, situated on the Thames River in London, UK, is the world's first and largest Ferris wheel for sightseeing up to 2005. It is one of London's landmarks and famous tourist attractions.

The London Eye is built to celebrate the new millennium, so it is also called the Millennium Ferris Wheel. Passengers can take the London Eye to get a bird's eye view of London.

The London Eye becomes a huge blue halo at night, which greatly adds to the dreamlike temperament of the Thames River.

The London Eye also lights up the 2015 British general election, with the red light representing the British Labour Party, the blue representing the Conservative Party.

the purple representing the British Independent Party, and the Yellow representing the Liberal Democratic Party.

2、翻译

伦敦眼，坐落在英国伦敦泰晤士河畔，是世界上首座、同时截至2005年最大的观景摩天轮，为伦敦的地标及出名旅游观光点之一。

伦敦眼是为庆祝新千年而建造，因此又称千禧摩天轮。乘客可以乘坐伦敦眼升上半空，鸟瞰伦敦。

伦敦眼在夜间则化成了一个巨大的蓝色光环，大大增添了泰晤士河的梦幻气质。伦敦眼还为2015英国大选亮灯，红灯代表英国工党，蓝色代表保守党，紫色代表英国独立党，黄色代表自由民主党。

参考资料来源：网络——爱丁堡城堡

参考资料来源：网络——白金汉宫

参考资料来源：网络——伊丽莎白塔

参考资料来源：网络——威斯敏斯特宫

参考资料来源：网络——伦敦眼

‘柒’ 求建筑类英汉词典和汉英词典

英语词典
新世纪汉英科技大词典
http://bbs2.sinoaec.com/forum/detail2434798_1.html
科技词典 翻译的时候很实用的工具-新世纪汉英科技大词典(同上贴)
http://bbs2.sinoaec.com/forum/detail2541629_1.html
土木工程英语词典 (繁体版本)wam504
http://bbs.sinoaec.com/forum/detail614428_1.html
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‘捌’ 建筑用英语

锻压直角扣 Forging rectangular buckle
电镀出厂含税价（元/套） Electroplating factory tax Price (Yuan / set)
锻造旋转扣 Forging rotary buckle
悬梁扣件 Cantilever fastener
猪耳扣件 Fournieri fastener
固板扣 Solid plate buckle
油漆价格 Paint price
镀锌价格 Zinc prices
杂木 undesirable tree
杨木 cotton wood
脚手架 Scaffolding
踏板 Pedal
斜拉 Cable-Stayed
连接棒 Connecting rod
梯形脚手架 Ladder Scaffolding
门型脚手架 Door-type scaffolding

‘玖’ 建筑用英语怎么说

building

读音：英['bɪldɪŋ] 美['bɪldɪŋ]

释义;

n. (名词)

1、建筑物，建筑

2、房屋，公寓，宅子，楼房，房子

3、建筑术，建筑业

4、大楼，大厦

5、制造，营造，构造，建造

用法：

1、building的基本意思是“建筑物”,可指各种用途、大小、形式的建筑,是建筑物的总称,是可数名词。

2、building还可指“建筑”,指一种抽象的艺术或行业,为不可数名词。

3、building用作可数名词时其复数为buildings。

4、the...Building作“…大厦”解,是美式英语,相当于英式英语里的“...House”(没有the)。

(9)建筑英语pdf扩展阅读

词义辨析

building, edifice, structure这三个词的共同意思是“建筑物”。

其区别是：

building是一般用语,是各类建筑物的总称,可指各种用途、各种大小和用各种材料建造的房子,但并不指明建筑物的具体用处、大小、样式及所用材料。例如：

Houses and churches are buildings.

房屋和教堂都是建筑物。

edifice是正式用语，尤指宏伟高大的建筑。例如：

The cathedral is a handsome edifice.

这座大教堂是一座雄伟壮观的建筑物。

structure则强调建筑物构造的模式。例如：

The new library is a fireproof structure.

新图书馆是一栋防火建筑。