① linux如何查看系统及硬件信息
lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的统计信息.
blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu
Architecture: i686 #cpu架构
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian #小尾序
CPU(s): 4 #总共有4核
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 1 #每个cpu核，只能支持一个线程，即不支持超线程
Core(s) per socket: 4 #每个cpu，有4个核
Socket(s): 1 #总共有1一个cpu
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #cpu产商 intel
CPU family: 6
Model: 42
Stepping: 7
CPU MHz: 1600.000
BogoMIPS: 5986.12
Virtualization: VT-x #支持cpu虚拟化技术
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 6144K
查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息，如每个CPU的型号，主频等。
#cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 42
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz
.....
上面输出的是个cpu部分信息，还有3个cpu信息省略了。
内存
概要查看内存情况
free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 3926 3651 274 0 12 404
-/+ buffers/cache: 3235 691
Swap: 9536 31 9505
这里的单位是MB，总共的内存是3926MB。
查看内存详细使用
# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 4020868 kB
MemFree: 230884 kB
Buffers: 7600 kB
Cached: 454772 kB
SwapCached: 836 kB
.....
查看内存硬件信息
dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
....
Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
....
Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
....
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0008
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
.....
我的主板有4个槽位，只用了一个槽位，上面插了一条4096MB的内存。
磁盘
查看硬盘和分区分布
# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk
├—sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├—sda2 8:2 0 9.3G 0 part [SWAP]
├—sda3 8:3 0 74.5G 0 part /
├—sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
├—sda5 8:5 0 111.8G 0 part /home
└—sda6 8:6 0 269.2G 0 part
显示很直观
如果要看硬盘和分区的详细信息
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00023728
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2148351 1073152 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2148352 21680127 9765888 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 21680128 177930239 78125056 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 177932286 976771071 399419393 5 Extended/dev/sda5 177932288 412305407 117186560 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 412307456 976771071 282231808 83 Linux
网卡
查看网卡硬件信息
# lspci | grep -i 'eth'
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconctor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)
查看系统的所有网络接口
# ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:以太网 硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f
.....
lo Link encap:本地环回
.....
或者是
ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state DOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标
# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半双工，全双工模式
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自适应模式，一般都支持
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默认使用自适应模式
Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
.....
Speed: 100Mb/s #现在网卡的速度是100Mb,网卡使用自适应模式，所以推测路由是100Mb，导致网卡从支 持千兆，变成要支持百兆
Duplex: Full #全双工
.....
Link detected: yes #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的
其他
查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。
lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #显卡
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #声卡
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconctor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #网卡
03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)
如果要更详细的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv
如果要看设备树:lscpi -t
查看bios信息
# dmidecode -t bios
......
BIOS Information
Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
Version: 4.6.5
Release Date: 04/25/2012
.......
BIOS Revision: 4.6
......
dmidecode以一种可读的方式mp出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到当前的配置，也可以得到系统支持的配置，比如说支持的内存数等。
如果要查看所有有用信息
dmidecode -q
以上是linux查看硬件信息的所有命令，可以查看CPU、硬盘、网卡、磁盘等硬件的信息。
② 如何查看linux系统网卡的工作模式和速率
有时候，我们需要看下linux系统网卡工作模式、速率等，比较常用到的命令是mii-tool、ethtool，下面简单看下即可。
查看下eth0网卡信息
[root@cloud
~]#
mii-tool
-v
eth0
eth0:
negotiated
100baseTx-FD
flow-control,
link
ok
proct
info:
vendor
00:00:20,
model
32
rev
1
basic
mode:
autonegotiation
enabled
basic
status:
autonegotiation
complete,
link
ok
capabilities:
100baseTx-FD
100baseTx-HD
10baseT-FD
10baseT-HD
advertising:
100baseTx-FD
100baseTx-HD
10baseT-FD
10baseT-HD
flow-control
link
partner:
100baseTx-FD
100baseTx-HD
10baseT-FD
10baseT-HD
flow-control
从上面可以看出eth0
工作
100M全双工自适应模式下
[root@cloud
~]#
ethtool
eth0
Settings
for
eth0:
Supported
ports:
[
TP
MII
]
Supported
link
modes:
10baseT/Half
10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half
100baseT/Full
Supports
auto-negotiation:
Yes
Advertised
link
modes:
10baseT/Half
10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half
100baseT/Full
Advertised
pause
frame
use:
Symmetric
Receive-only
Advertised
auto-negotiation:
Yes
Link
partner
advertised
link
modes:
10baseT/Half
10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half
100baseT/Full
Link
partner
advertised
pause
frame
use:
Symmetric
Receive-only
Link
partner
advertised
auto-negotiation:
Yes
Speed:
100Mb/s
Duplex:
Full
Port:
MII
PHYAD:
0
Transceiver:
internal
Auto-negotiation:
on
Supports
Wake-on:
pumbg
Wake-on:
g
Current
message
level:
0x00000033
(51)
Link
detected:
yes
[root@cloud
~]#
③ Linux查看版本命令问题
Linux下查看版本号的命令
1，查看内核版本命令：
cat /proc/version
uname -a
uname -rcat /etc/issue
man uname
2，查看linux版本：抄录如下：
1) 登录到服务器执行 lsb_release -a ，即可列出所有版本信息，例如：
[[email protected] ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: 1.3
Distributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseAS
Descrīption: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 1)
Release: 4
Codename: NahantUpdate1
[[email protected] ~]#
这个命令适用于所有的linux，包括Redhat、SuSE、Debian等发行版。
2) 登录到linux执行cat /etc/redhat-release ，例如如下：
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 1)
[[email protected] ~]#
这种方式下可以直接看到具体的版本号，比如 AS4 Update 1
3）登录到linux执行rpm -q redhat-release ，例如如下
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -q redhat-release
redhat-release-4AS-2.4
[[email protected] ~]#
这种方式下可看到一个所谓的release号，比如上边的例子是2.4
这个release号和实际的版本之间存在一定的对应关系，如下：
redhat-release-3AS-1 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 3
redhat-release-3AS-7.4 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 3 Update 4
redhat-release-4AS-2 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 4
redhat-release-4AS-2.4 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 4 Update 1
redhat-release-4AS-3 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 4 Update 2
redhat-release-4AS-4.1 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 4 Update 3
redhat-release-4AS-5.5 -> Redhat Enterprise Linux AS 4 Update 4
更多Linux知识可参考书籍《Linux就该这么学》。
④ 一个弱弱的LINUX系统问题：LINUX命令行下如何查看服务器配置啊~！
Linux命令行下可以使用一系列命令查看各种硬件信息，从而得知服务器配置。
参考命令如下：
查看主板的序列号: dmidecode | grep -i ’serial number’
用硬件检测程序kuz探测新硬件：service kudzu start ( or restart)
查看CPU信息：cat /proc/cpuinfo [dmesg | grep -i 'cpu'][dmidecode -t processor]
查看内存信息：cat /proc/meminfo [free -m][vmstat]
查看板卡信息：cat /proc/pci
查看显卡/声卡信息：lspci |grep -i ‘VGA’[dmesg | grep -i 'VGA']
查看网卡信息：dmesg | grep -i ‘eth’[cat /etc/sysconfig/hwconf | grep -i eth][lspci | grep -i 'eth']
查看PCI信息：lspci (相比cat /proc/pci更直观）
查看USB设备：cat /proc/bus/usb/devices
查看键盘和鼠标:cat /proc/bus/input/devices
查看系统硬盘信息和使用情况：fdisk & disk – l & df
查看各设备的中断请求(IRQ):cat /proc/interrupts
查看系统体系结构：uname -a
查看及启动系统的32位或64位内核模式：isalist –v [isainfo –v][isainfo –b]
dmidecode查看硬件信息，包括bios、cpu、内存等信息
测定当前的显示器刷新频率：/usr/sbin/ffbconfig –rev \?
查看系统配置：/usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag –v
查看当前系统中已经应用的补丁：showrev –p
显示当前的运行级别：who –rH
查看当前的bind版本信息：nslookup –class=chaos –q=txt version.bind
dmesg | more 查看硬件信息
lspci 显示外设信息, 如usb，网卡等信息
lsnod 查看已加载的驱动
lshw
psrinfo -v 查看当前处理器的类型和速度（主频）
prtconf -v 打印当前的OBP版本号
iostat –E 查看硬盘物理信息(vendor, RPM, Capacity)
prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s 查看磁盘的几何参数和分区信息
df –F ufs –o i 显示已经使用和未使用的i-node数目
isalist –v
对于“/proc”中文件可使用文件查看命令浏览其内容，文件中包含系统特定信息：
Cpuinfo 主机CPU信息
Dma 主机DMA通道信息
Filesystems 文件系统信息
Interrupts 主机中断信息
Ioprots 主机I/O端口号信息
Meninfo 主机内存信息
Version Linux内存版本信息
备注： proc – process information pseudo-filesystem 进程信息伪装文件系统
⑤ 如何查看linux系统当前网络的带宽
使用命令：mii-tool
-v
mii：是Linux下专门设置网卡工作模式的命令,详细参数如下
1.
查看网卡的工作模式，输入命令：
#mii-tool
-v
eth0:
negotiated
100baseTx-FD,
link
ok
proct
info:
vendor
00:aa:00,
model
56
rev
0
basic
mode:
autoneg...