編譯優化ir效率曲線

1. 靜態分析是指

經濟領域概念
靜態分析是一種分析經濟現象的均衡狀態以及有關的經濟變數達到均衡狀態所需要條件的分析方法。[1]而不考慮經濟現象達到均衡狀態的過程，它完全抽象掉了時間因素和具體的變化過程，是一種靜止地、孤立地考察某種經濟事物的方法。
網路


靜態分析
經濟領域概念
靜態分析是一種分析經濟現象的均衡狀態以及有關的經濟變數達到均衡狀態所需要條件的分析方法。[1]而不考慮經濟現象達到均衡狀態的過程，它完全抽象掉了時間因素和具體的變化過程，是一種靜止地、孤立地考察某種經濟事物的方法。

中文名
靜態分析
外文名
static analysis
指標
總量指標、相對指標、平均指標、標志變異指標等
應用
靜態計算機科學、經濟學、工程、力學、機械
釋義
根據既定的外生變數值求得內生變數的分析方法
內涵
靜態分析法是根據既定的外生變數值求得內生變數的分析方法，是對已發生的經濟活動成果，進行綜合性的對比分析的一種分析方法。

如研究均衡價格時，舍掉時間、地點等因素，並假定影響均衡價格的其他因素，如消費者偏好、收入及相關商品的價格等靜止不變，單純分析該商品的供求達於均衡狀態的產量和價格的決定。簡單地說就是抽象了時間因素和具體變動的過程，靜止地孤立地考察某些經濟現象。它一般用於分析經濟現象的均衡狀態以及有關經濟變數達到均衡狀態所需要的條件。

常用的靜態分析法有：相對數分析法、平均數分析法、比較分析法、結構分析法、因素替換分析法、綜合計算分析法、價值系數分析法等。

指標

2. gcc 編譯優化做了哪些事求解答

用過gcc的都應該知道編譯時候的-O選項吧。它就是負責編譯優化。下面列出它的說明： -O -O1 Optimize. Optimizing compilation takes somewhat more time, and a lot more memory for a large function. With -O, the compiler tries to rece code size and execution time, without performing any optimizations that take a great deal of compilation time. -O turns on the following optimization flags: -fdefer-pop -fdelayed-branch -fguess-branch-probability -fcprop-registers -floop-optimize -fif-conversion -fif-conver- sion2 -ftree-ccp -ftree-dce -ftree-dominator-opts -ftree-dse -ftree-ter -ftree-lrs -ftree-sra -ftree-rename -ftree-fre -ftree-ch -funit-at-a-time -fmerge-constants -O also turns on -fomit-frame-pointer on machines where doing so does not interfere with debugging. -O doesn』t turn on -ftree-sra for the Ada compiler. This option must be explicitly speci- fied on the command line to be enabled for the Ada compiler. -O2 Optimize even more. GCC performs nearly all supported optimizations that do not involve a space-speed tradeoff. The compiler does not perform loop unrolling or function inlining when you specify -O2. As compared to -O, this option increases both compilation time and the performance of the generated code. -O2 turns on all optimization flags specified by -O. It also turns on the following opti- mization flags: -fthread-jumps -fcrossjumping -foptimize-sibling-calls -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks -fgcse -fgcse-lm -fexpensive-optimizations -fstrength-rece -fre- run-cse-after-loop -frerun-loop-opt -fcaller-saves -fpeephole2 -fschele-insns -fsched- ule-insns2 -fsched-interblock -fsched-spec -fregmove -fstrict-aliasing -fdelete-null-pointer-checks -freorder-blocks -freorder-functions -falign-functions -falign-jumps -falign-loops -falign-labels -ftree-vrp -ftree-pre Please note the warning under -fgcse about invoking -O2 on programs that use computed gotos. -O3 Optimize yet more. -O3 turns on all optimizations specified by -O2 and also turns on the -finline-functions, -funswitch-loops and -fgcse-after-reload options. -O0 Do not optimize. This is the default. -Os Optimize for size. -Os enables all -O2 optimizations that do not typically increase code size. It also performs further optimizations designed to rece code size. -Os disables the following optimization flags: -falign-functions -falign-jumps -falign-loops -falign-labels -freorder-blocks -freorder-blocks-and-partition -fprefetch-loop-arrays -ftree-vect-loop-version If you use multiple -O options, with or without level numbers, the last such option is the one that is effective. Options of the form -fflag specify machine-independent flags. Most flags have both positive and negative forms; the negative form of -ffoo would be -fno-foo. In the table below, only one of the forms is listed---the one you typically will use. You can figure out the other form by either removing no- or adding it. The following options control specific optimizations. They are either activated by -O options or are related to ones that are. You can use the following flags in the rare cases when "fine-tuning" of optimizations to be performed is desired. -fno-default-inline Do not make member functions inline by default merely because they are defined inside the class scope (C++ only). Otherwise, when you specify -O, member functions defined inside class scope are compiled inline by default; i.e., you don』t need to add inline in front of the member function name. -fno-defer-pop Always pop the arguments to each function call as soon as that function returns. For machines which must pop arguments after a function call, the compiler normally lets argu- ments accumulate on the stack for several function calls and pops them all at once. Disabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fforce-mem Force memory operands to be copied into registers before doing arithmetic on them. This proces better code by making all memory references potential common subexpressions. When they are not common subexpressions, instruction combination should eliminate the separate register-load. This option is now a nop and will be removed in 4.2. -fforce-addr Force memory address constants to be copied into registers before doing arithmetic on them. -fomit-frame-pointer Don』t keep the frame pointer in a register for functions that don』t need one. This avoids the instructions to save, set up and restore frame pointers; it also makes an extra regis- ter available in many functions. It also makes debugging impossible on some machines. On some machines, such as the VAX, this flag has no effect, because the standard calling sequence automatically handles the frame pointer and nothing is saved by pretending it doesn』t exist. The machine-description macro "FRAME_POINTER_REQUIRED" controls whether a target machine supports this flag. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -foptimize-sibling-calls Optimize sibling and tail recursive calls. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fno-inline Don』t pay attention to the "inline" keyword. Normally this option is used to keep the com- piler from expanding any functions inline. Note that if you are not optimizing, no func- tions can be expanded inline. -finline-functions Integrate all simple functions into their callers. The compiler heuristically decides which functions are simple enough to be worth integrating in this way. If all calls to a given function are integrated, and the function is declared "static", then the function is normally not output as assembler code in its own right. Enabled at level -O3. -finline-functions-called-once Consider all "static" functions called once for inlining into their caller even if they are not marked "inline". If a call to a given function is integrated, then the function is not output as assembler code in its own right. Enabled if -funit-at-a-time is enabled. -fearly-inlining Inline functions marked by "always_inline" and functions whose body seems smaller than the function call overhead early before doing -fprofile-generate instrumentation and real inlining pass. Doing so makes profiling significantly cheaper and usually inlining faster on programs having large chains of nested wrapper functions. Enabled by default. -finline-limit=n By default, GCC limits the size of functions that can be inlined. This flag allows the control of this limit for functions that are explicitly marked as inline (i.e., marked with the inline keyword or defined within the class definition in c++). n is the size of func- tions that can be inlined in number of pseudo instructions (not counting parameter han- dling). The default value of n is 600. Increasing this value can result in more inlined code at the cost of compilation time and memory consumption. Decreasing usually makes the compilation faster and less code will be inlined (which presumably means slower programs). This option is particularly useful for programs that use inlining heavily such as those based on recursive templates with C++. Inlining is actually controlled by a number of parameters, which may be specified indivi- ally by using --param name=value. The -finline-limit=n option sets some of these parame- ters as follows: max-inline-insns-single is set to I<n>/2. max-inline-insns-auto is set to I<n>/2. min-inline-insns is set to 130 or I<n>/4, whichever is smaller. max-inline-insns-rtl is set to I<n>. See below for a documentation of the indivial parameters controlling inlining. Note: pseudo instruction represents, in this particular context, an abstract measurement of function』s size. In no way does it represent a count of assembly instructions and as such its exact meaning might change from one release to an another. -fkeep-inline-functions In C, emit "static" functions that are declared "inline" into the object file, even if the function has been inlined into all of its callers. This switch does not affect functions using the "extern inline" extension in GNU C. In C++, emit any and all inline functions into the object file. -fkeep-static-consts Emit variables declared "static const" when optimization isn』t turned on, even if the vari- ables aren』t referenced. GCC enables this option by default. If you want to force the compiler to check if the variable was referenced, regardless of whether or not optimization is turned on, use the -fno-keep-static-consts option. -fmerge-constants Attempt to merge identical constants (string constants and floating point constants) across compilation units. This option is the default for optimized compilation if the assembler and linker support it. Use -fno-merge-constants to inhibit this behavior. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fmerge-all-constants Attempt to merge identical constants and identical variables. This option implies -fmerge-constants. In addition to -fmerge-constants this considers e.g. even constant initialized arrays or initialized constant variables with integral or floating point types. Languages like C or C++ require each non-automatic variable to have distinct location, so using this option will result in non-conforming behavior. -fmolo-sched Perform swing molo scheling immediately before the first scheling pass. This pass looks at innermost loops and reorders their instructions by overlapping different itera- tions. -fno-branch-count-reg Do not use "decrement and branch" instructions on a count register, but instead generate a sequence of instructions that decrement a register, compare it against zero, then branch based upon the result. This option is only meaningful on architectures that support such instructions, which include x86, PowerPC, IA-64 and S/390. The default is -fbranch-count-reg, enabled when -fstrength-rece is enabled. -fno-function-cse Do not put function addresses in registers; make each instruction that calls a constant function contain the function』s address explicitly. This option results in less efficient code, but some strange hacks that alter the assembler output may be confused by the optimizations performed when this option is not used. The default is -ffunction-cse -fno-zero-initialized-in-bss If the target supports a BSS section, GCC by default puts variables that are initialized to zero into BSS. This can save space in the resulting code. This option turns off this behavior because some programs explicitly rely on variables going to the data section. E.g., so that the resulting executable can find the beginning of that section and/or make assumptions based on that. The default is -fzero-initialized-in-bss. -fmudflap -fmudflapth -fmudflapir For front-ends that support it (C and C++), instrument all risky pointer/array dereferenc- ing operations, some standard library string/heap functions, and some other associated con- structs with range/validity tests. Moles so instrumented should be immune to buffer overflows, invalid heap use, and some other classes of C/C++ programming errors. The instrumentation relies on a separate runtime library (libmudflap), which will be linked into a program if -fmudflap is given at link time. Run-time behavior of the instrumented program is controlled by the MUDFLAP_OPTIONS environment variable. See "env MUD- FLAP_OPTIONS=-help a.out" for its options. Use -fmudflapth instead of -fmudflap to compile and to link if your program is multi-threaded. Use -fmudflapir, in addition to -fmudflap or -fmudflapth, if instrumenta- tion should ignore pointer reads. This proces less instrumentation (and therefore faster execution) and still provides some protection against outright memory corrupting writes, but allows erroneously read data to propagate within a program. -fstrength-rece Perform the optimizations of loop strength rection and elimination of iteration vari- ables. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fthread-jumps Perform optimizations where we check to see if a jump branches to a location where another comparison subsumed by the first is found. If so, the first branch is redirected to either the destination of the second branch or a point immediately following it, depending on whether the condition is known to be true or false. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fcse-follow-jumps In common subexpression elimination, scan through jump instructions when the target of the jump is not reached by any other path. For example, when CSE encounters an "if" statement with an "else" clause, CSE will follow the jump when the condition tested is false. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fcse-skip-blocks This is similar to -fcse-follow-jumps, but causes CSE to follow jumps which conditionally skip over blocks. When CSE encounters a simple "if" statement with no else clause, -fcse-skip-blocks causes CSE to follow the jump around the body of the "if". Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -frerun-cse-after-loop Re-run common subexpression elimination after loop optimizations has been performed. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -frerun-loop-opt Run the loop optimizer twice. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fgcse Perform a global common subexpression elimination pass. This pass also performs global constant and propagation. Note: When compiling a program using computed gotos, a GCC extension, you may get better runtime performance if you disable the global common subexpression elimination pass by adding -fno-gcse to the command line. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fgcse-lm When -fgcse-lm is enabled, global common subexpression elimination will attempt to move loads which are only killed by stores into themselves. This allows a loop containing a load/store sequence to be changed to a load outside the loop, and a /store within the loop. Enabled by default when gcse is enabled. -fgcse-sm When -fgcse-sm is enabled, a store motion pass is run after global common subexpression elimination. This pass will attempt to move stores out of loops. When used in conjunction with -fgcse-lm, loops containing a load/store sequence can be changed to a load before the loop and a store after the loop. Not enabled at any optimization level. -fgcse-las When -fgcse-las is enabled, the global common subexpression elimination pass eliminates rendant loads that come after stores to the same memory location (both partial and full rendancies). Not enabled at any optimization level. -fgcse-after-reload When -fgcse-after-reload is enabled, a rendant load elimination pass is performed after reload. The purpose of this pass is to cleanup rendant spilling. -floop-optimize Perform loop optimizations: move constant expressions out of loops, simplify exit test con- ditions and optionally do strength-rection as well. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -floop-optimize2 Perform loop optimizations using the new loop optimizer. The optimizations (loop unrolling, peeling and unswitching, loop invariant motion) are enabled by separate flags. -funsafe-loop-optimizations If given, the loop optimizer will assume that loop indices do not overflow, and that the loops with nontrivial exit condition are not infinite. This enables a wider range of loop optimizations even if the loop optimizer itself cannot prove that these assumptions are valid. Using -Wunsafe-loop-optimizations, the compiler will warn you if it finds this kind of loop. -fcrossjumping Perform cross-jumping transformation. This transformation unifies equivalent code and save code size. The resulting code may or may not perform better than without cross-jumping. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fif-conversion Attempt to transform conditional jumps into branch-less equivalents. This include use of conditional moves, min, max, set flags and abs instructions, and some tricks doable by standard arithmetics. The use of conditional execution on chips where it is available is controlled by "if-conversion2". Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fif-conversion2 Use conditional execution (where available) to transform conditional jumps into branch-less equivalents. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fdelete-null-pointer-checks Use global dataflow analysis to identify and eliminate useless checks for null pointers. The compiler assumes that dereferencing a null pointer would have halted the program. If a pointer is checked after it has already been dereferenced, it cannot be null. In some environments, this assumption is not true, and programs can safely dereference null pointers. Use -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks to disable this optimization for programs which depend on that behavior. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fexpensive-optimizations Perform a number of minor optimizations that are relatively expensive. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -foptimize-register-move -fregmove Attempt to reassign register numbers in move instructions and as operands of other simple instructions in order to maximize the amount of register tying. This is especially helpful on machines with two-operand instructions. Note -fregmove and -foptimize-register-move are the same optimization. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fdelayed-branch If supported for the target machine, attempt to reorder instructions to exploit instruction slots available after delayed branch instructions. Enabled at levels -O, -O2, -O3, -Os. -fschele-insns If supported for the target machine, attempt to reorder instructions to eliminate execution stalls e to required data being unavailable. This helps machines that have slow floating point or memory load instructions by allowing other instructions to be issued until the result of the load or floating point instruction is required. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fschele-insns2 Similar to -fschele-insns, but requests an additional pass of instruction scheling after register allocation has been done. This is especially useful on machines with a rel- atively small number of registers and where memory load instructions take more than one cycle. Enabled at levels -O2, -O3, -Os. -fno-sched-interblock Don』t schele instructions across basic blocks. This is normally enabled by default when scheling before register allocation, i.e. with -fschele-insns or at -O2 or higher. -fno-sched-spec Don』t allow speculative motion of non-load instructions. This is normally enabled by default when scheling before register allocation, i.e. with -fschele-insns or at -O2 or higher. -fsched-spec-load Allow speculative motion of some load instructions. This only makes sense when scheling before register allocation, i.e. with -fschele-insns or at -O2 or higher. -fsched-spec-load-dangerous Allow speculative motion of more load instructions. This only makes sense when scheling before register allocation, i.e. with -fschele-insns or at -O2 or higher. -fsched-stalled-insns -fsched-stalled-insns=n Define how many insns (if any) can be moved prematurely from the queue of stalled insns into the ready list, ring the second scheling pass. -fno-fsched-stalled-insns and -fsched-stalled-insns=0 are equivalent and mean that no insns will be moved prematurely. If n is unspecified then there is no limit on how many queued insns can be moved prema- turely. -fsched-stalled-insns-dep -fsched-stalled-insns-dep=n Define how many insn groups (cycles) will be examined for a dependency on a stalled insn that is candidate for premature removal from the queue of stalled insns. This has an effect only ring the second scheling pass, and only if -fsched-stalled-insns is used and its value is not zero. +-fno-sched-stalled-insns-dep is equivalent to +-fsched-stalled-insns-dep=0. +-fsched-stalled-insns-dep without a value is equivalent to +-fsched-stalled-insns-dep=1. -fsched2-use-superblocks When scheling after register allocation, do use superblock scheling algorithm. Superblock scheling allows motion across basic block boundaries resulting on faster scheles. This option is experimental, as not all machine descriptions used by GCC model the CPU closely enough to avoid unreliable results from the algorithm. This only makes sense when scheling after register

3. TFC設計IR-CUT時，光學曲線優化好了，查看物理厚度時，發現揖讓還有沒有厚度的層次，這是什麼原因呀求解

鍍膜不懂

4. 歐姆定律IR圖像是曲線不夠直觀怎樣改進

在歐姆定律中。當導體的電壓一定的時候，電流與電阻是成反比的，那麼畫出來的IR圖像，肯定不是一條直線，而是一個反比例函數圖像，那麼它不夠直觀怎麼改進呢？這是很多考試題目當中或者是老師講課的時候要這樣學生思考的問題。

這主要是由於初中學生對反比例函數圖像認識。不夠。深度而且呢反比例函數圖像是一條曲線，學生對曲線。找我能力比較差，要想改變這個的話，那麼基於學生的。嗯，學習經驗學生對正比例函數圖像是非常有認識的。先取在這個經驗之下，怎麼把這個圖像這樣做一個修改。

圖像當中電流值還是保持不變的，只不過把電阻時變為電阻的倒數，即1/R。這樣的話電流與電阻的倒數就可以是成正比的關系，這樣做出來的圖像就是過坐標原點的一條圖像，非常好看。而且非常直觀適合初中學生的認知水平。

5. 編譯器的編譯器優化

應用程序之所以復雜, 是由於它們具有處理多種問題以及相關數據集的能力。實際上, 一個復雜的應用程序就象許多不同功能的應用程序「 粘貼」 在一起。源文件中大部分復雜性來自於處理初始化和問題設置代碼。這些文件雖然通常占源文件的很大一部分, 具有很大難度, 但基本上不花費C PU 執行周期。
盡管存在上述情況, 大多數Makefile文件只有一套編譯器選項來編譯項目中所有的文件。因此, 標準的優化方法只是簡單地提升優化選項的強度, 一般從O 2 到O 3。這樣一來, 就需要投人大量 精力來調試, 以確定哪些文件不能被優化, 並為這些文件建立特殊的make規則。
一個更簡單但更有效的方法是通過一個性能分析器, 來運行最初的代碼, 為那些佔用了85 一95 % CPU 的源文件生成一個列表。通常情況下, 這些文件大約只佔所有文件的1%。如果開發人員立刻為每一個列表中的文件建立其各自的規則, 則會處於更靈活有效的位置。這樣一來改變優化只會引起一小部分文件被重新編譯。進而,由於時間不會浪費在優化不費時的函數上, 重編譯全部文件將會大大地加快。

6. ir優化保存也不行！不知道怎麼弄

1、在PS里，做兩個圖層，其中一個圖層眼睛是閉上的，另一個圖層眼睛是睜開的。
2、CTRL+SHIFT+M鍵，轉到IR軟體中去做動畫。
3、在IR里，調出動畫面板，復制當前幀，動畫面板上，出現兩幀。
4、選第一幀，然後，圖層面板上，顯示閉上眼睛的那個圖層，隱藏睜眼睛的那個圖層。
5、選第二幀，在圖層面板上，顯示睜眼睛的圖層，隱藏閉眼睛的圖層。
6、設置延遲時間為0、1秒。
7、點「文件」——將優化結果存儲為GIF格式。就可以眨眼睛了。

7. 有沒有比較過IAR與KEIL的編譯效率

跑dhrystone一秒多少循環。優化級別不一樣，結果也不一樣。最多快約一倍。
看來IAR編譯器效率還是不如原廠ARM的。
keil：
-O0:43662 fortime 43662
-O1:53730 fortime 79119
-02:54960 fortime 98090
-O3:53650 fortime 99858
iar ：
none 26191
-low 27016
-m 56425
-h 71427（forspeed）

8. IR優化是什麼

1、IR為英文版，說明你裝的ps套裝是漢化版的，而不是真正中文版。漢化不完全，作者指針對了ps而已。
2、因為IR用戶相對很少，很多做動畫的人都是採用Fireworks，所以很難找到IR的專門漢化軟體，勸你重新安裝個正式版吧。
3、詳細教程只要搜索網路就可以了「ImageReady 教程」。IR和ps最基本的配合就是圖層動畫，ps做好圖層各幀，Ctrl+Shift+M跳到IR中，之後窗口中調出動畫面板，面板（右上箭頭）點出菜單命令「從圖層建立幀」就生成動畫了。最後存儲時，要在優化面板中選擇gif格式，之後選擇優化存儲。

9. IR圖像為什麼是曲線

IR光譜本質上是在Y軸上吸收的紅外光相對於其繪制的曲線圖。

紅外光譜通常是指分子與紅外光相互作用的分析。紅外光譜的概念通常可以通過三種方式進行分析：通過測量反射，發射和吸收。紅外光譜的主要用途是確定與有機和無機化學相關的分子的官能團。

IR光譜介紹

IR光譜本質上是在Y軸上吸收的紅外光相對於其繪制的曲線圖。X軸上的頻率或波長。紅外光譜檢測分子吸收的紅外光的頻率，分子傾向於吸收這些特定頻率的光，因為它們對應於分子中鍵的振動頻率。

紅外光譜中使用的樣品可以是固態，液態或氣態。可以通過使用具有油質質地的研磨劑將樣品壓碎來制備固體樣品。現在可以將該薄薄的一層塗在要測量的鹽板上。通常將液體樣品保存在兩個鹽板之間，並進行測量，因為這些板對紅外光透明。

鹽板可由氯化鈉，氟化鈣或什至溴化鉀製成。由於氣態樣品的濃度可以為百萬分之幾，因此樣品池必須具有相對較長的光程，即光必須在樣品池中傳播相對較長的距離。因此，可以在紅外光譜中使用多種物理狀態的樣本。

10. 編譯器 優化

編譯是從源代碼（通常為高階語言）到能直接被計算機或虛擬機執行的目標代碼（通常為低階語言或機器語言）的翻譯過程。然而，也存在從低階語言到高階語言的編譯器，這類編譯器中用來從由高階語言生成的低階語言代碼重新生成高階語言代碼的又被叫做反編譯器。也有從一種高階語言生成另一種高階語言的編譯器，或者生成一種需要進一步處理的的中間代碼的編譯器（又叫級聯）。
典型的編譯器輸出是由包含入口點的名字和地址, 以及外部調用（到不在這個目標文件中的函數調用）的機器代碼所組成的目標文件。一組目標文件，不必是同一編譯器產生，但使用的編譯器必需採用同樣的輸出格式，可以鏈接在一起並生成可以由用戶直接執行的可執行程序。
從他的原理我們就好優化了，但是方法很多的