pdfpresentation

⑴ PS的快捷键有哪些

ps常用快捷键

快捷命令，是ps为了提高绘图速度定义的快捷方式，它用一个或几个简单的字母来代替常用的命令，使我们不用去记忆众多的长长的命令，也不必为了执行一个命令，在菜单和工具栏上寻找的方式，ps快捷键获取方式点这儿。

1、工具箱

(多种工具共用一个快捷键的可同时按【Shift】加此快捷键选取)

矩形、椭圆选框工具 【M】

裁剪工具 【C】

移动工具 【V】

套索、多边形套索、磁性套索 【L】

魔棒工具 【W】

喷枪工具 【J】

画笔工具 【B】

橡皮图章、图案图章 【S】

历史记录画笔工具 【Y】

橡皮擦工具 【E】

铅笔、直线工具 【N】

模糊、锐化、涂抹工具 【R】

减淡、加深、海棉工具 【O】

钢笔、自由钢笔、磁性钢笔 【P】

添加锚点工具 【+】

删除锚点工具 【-】

直接选取工具 【A】

文字、文字蒙板、直排文字、直排文字蒙板 【T】

度量工具 【U】

直线渐变、径向渐变、对称渐变、角度渐变、菱形渐变【G】

油漆桶工具【G】

吸管、颜色取样器 【I】

抓手工具 【H】

缩放工具 【Z】

默认前景色和背景色 【D】

切换前景色和背景色 【X】

切换标准模式和快速蒙板模式 【Q】

标准屏幕模式、带有菜单栏的全屏模式、全屏模式 【F】

临时使用移动工具 【Ctrl】

临时使用吸色工具 【Alt】

临时使用抓手工具 【空格】

打开工具选项面板 【Enter】

快速输入工具选项(当前工具选项面板中至少有一个可调节数字) 【0】至【9】

循环选择画笔 【[】或【]】

选择第一个画笔 【Shift】+【[】

选择最后一个画笔 【Shift】+【]】

建立新渐变(在”渐变编辑器”中) 【Ctrl】+【N】

⑵ pdf 书签制作请教

可以使用adobe acrobat来建立页眉和页脚;
可以直接放在ppt里面,然后转换成pdf,这样格式会好调整;
但是也可以直接从图片转换成pdf

⑶ 怎样做英文presentation.pdf

把英文presentation的转化成PDF就可以了
很高兴为您解答，不理解请追问，满意请点右上角选为满意答案，谢谢！

⑷ presentation什么意思

presentation的意思：提交，演出，陈述，报告，颁奖仪式。

presentation英 [ˌpreznˈteɪʃn] 美 [ˌpri:zenˈteɪʃn]

n.提交;演出;陈述，报告;颁奖仪式。

presentation的用法示例如下：

1.Checkthepresentation..

检查一下外观，保证有扉页和合适的版式。

2..

她介绍事实十分详细。

3.It'syourturntogiveapresentation.

轮到你发言了。

4..

PDF传递了大量的表示法及文档控制功能。

(4)pdfpresentation扩展阅读：

presentation的近义词：

（1）performance英 [pəˈfɔ:məns] 美 [pərˈfɔ:rməns]

n.表现;表演;演技;执行。

（2）demonstration英 [ˌdemənˈstreɪʃn] 美 [ˌdɛmənˈstreʃən]

n.示范;证明;游行示威;表露。

（3）appearance英 [əˈpɪərəns] 美 [əˈpɪrəns]

n.外貌，外观;出现，露面;[哲]现象。

⑸ 英国研究生怎样做presentation

英国翰思教育曾经看到一句很扎心的话：在“沉默的课堂”成长的中国留学生不会做Presentation。

国外大学和国内大学最大的不同就是学生的课堂参与度。在国外大学，同学们才是课堂上的主角：他们提前做好大量阅读和预习、在课堂上面发言做Presentation，甚至会为了一个观点与老师进行“针锋相对”的辩论。

所以中国学生到了国外之后，首先感到的就是对于国外大学教育模式的不适应。尤其是对需要发表个人看法的Presentation难以适应。

但是，去国外读书，Presentation永远是躲不掉的一关。那么，如何应对国外大学的各种学术挑战，顺利度过Presentation呢？

01.一个好的Presentation的标准

最关键的两点就是清晰和有趣。

04.Presentation 用语大总结

一．开场问候

Good morning/afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.

Hello, everyone. I’m glad to see you. Thank you for coming to my presentation.

二．自我介绍

My name is …, and I come from…

My area of study is …

I have been working in the field of …

三．介绍主题

This morning/afternoon I’m going to talk to you about…

I have entitled my presentation…

My presentation today is entitled…/ is on the subject of …

The title/subject of my presentation is …

四．介绍Presentation目的

I have chosen this topic because…

The reason/ purpose why I chose this topic is …

I have two reasons of this presentation is …

In this presentation I would like to put forward the arguments for…

In this presentation I hope to give you an idea of…

五．与观众互动

As you know, we…

Before I get started, I’d like to show a picture…/ tell you a statistic that may surprise you…

Before going any further, let me ask you a question.

Now that is an important topic because I’m sure that many of you…

六．介绍框架结构

These are the points I’d like to talk about …

I’m going to discuss / look at the following points: …

I have divided my presentation into X main parts / the following parts

I’d like to cover / examine the following points: …

In this section I’ll deal with / describe / explain / focus on …

Firstly,… secondly, … then,… etc. and finally …

七．开始主要部分

OK / Right. Let’s start with… / by looking at…

So let’s get started with the first point…

So let’s think about…

八. 介绍图片，表格等

I’d like to show you…

This map/graph/diagram shows…

This is a map/graph/diagram of…

As you can see here…

I think this map/graph etc. will help you to see… more clearly

I’ve prepared this map/graph etc. to show you…

九．各部分衔接（停顿、换姿势、稍稍提高音量）

Now, .../ Right,…/Ok/So..

What is …?

That brings me to my next point.

So, now let’s look at…/move on to…/turn to…

So far I’ve discussed XXX. Now I’d like to talk about YYY.

Another important aspect of XXX is …

十．总结

In conclusion, then, …

I’d like to conclude by …

So, to sum up …

This brings me to my conclusion.

By way of conclusion, I’d like to remind you…/ leave you with this point/ recommend…

十一. 感谢及邀请问题

Thank you for your attention.

I hope you now have a better understanding of …

I hope you have found the talk interesting / useful

I’d happy to answer any questions.

Has anyone got any questions?

Please don’t hesitate to interrupt if you have any question.

其实，Presentation最重要的就是Present出去的能力，也就是演讲能力。演讲者的语言，节奏，眼神，表演，肢体语言等，占70%。

在台上，大部分同学的肢体，都是不受自己意识控制的，含胸驼背，畏手畏脚，左右摇晃，捏衣角，抓话筒，这些都是很常见的。一定要在平时练习时多多注意，改掉这些问题。

以上总结了pre的流程和技巧，除此之外还有一些“千万不要做”的事情。

1.不要依赖演讲稿。

这一点不是十分绝对的，毕竟如果要讲1个小时，还不允许准备演讲稿就太残忍了。但是对于时长较短的pre，最好不要携带演讲稿，因为一带上去就忍不住想看两眼，而如果照着念就完全失去pre的意义了。

其实有些时候同学们早已把内容记住，带张纸只是图个心里安慰，其实是完全不需要的。如果真的真的需要讲稿，只要写个提纲就好。

2. 双手不要插兜。

有些同学可能觉得双手插兜的都是大佬，但是在做pre时双手插兜是不礼貌的行为，而且显得很不自信。可以提前设计一下手势动作，实在不知道怎么办就像礼仪小姐一样双手交叉放在前面，但是就是不要插兜哦。

3. 不要“嗯…啊…”。

也许是因为紧张忘词，也许纯属个人习惯，有些人喜欢在空白处“嗯…啊…”，这样听起来真的非常糟糕。所以要么多多练习，减少忘词的出现，要么强迫自己改掉这个习惯。当你不知道说什么的时候就闭上嘴巴，然后动脑想想应该怎么说，不用这些“嗯…啊…”做过渡。

4.语速不要太快。

很多人上台一紧张，语速就会不自觉的加快，或者时间快要到了的时候，更是非常慌乱的加快语速。但是，语速太快，台下的听众是跟不上你的速度的，效果反而非常不好。如果确实时间比较有限，发觉剩下的内容讲不完了，可以舍掉一些不太重要的内容，稍微加快一下语速即可。

最后一定要拿出“老娘/老子天下第一”的自信，哪怕你其实没准备好，或者很心虚，都要体现出自信的感觉。要知道，即便你做的再不好，也比台下的听众对这个问题有深入的思考，最最最差的不过是听众里的专业大佬一下子指出你的错误，那又怎样？人家是大佬，就主动承认错误嘛。脸皮厚一点，挺胸抬头，声音洪亮，目光在听众身上停留几秒进行眼神交流。

你要相信，自信是一种会传染的情绪，你表现的越自信，带给听众的感觉就越积极向上。

其实只要多加练习，做好presentation真的是很简单的事情，希望大家都可以腹有诗书，舌灿莲花。

⑹ ppt与pdf的区别

ppt是可以反映幻灯片的格式，比如讲课，可以有动画，声音等效果。pdf是一种文件格式，就像wore、excel等一样。（只不过pdf是不可以编辑的）。

Microsoft Office PowerPoint，是微软公司的演示文稿软件。用户可以在投影仪或者计算机上进行演示，也可以将演示文稿打印出来，制作成胶片，以便应用到更广泛的领域中。

利用Microsoft Office PowerPoint不仅可以创建演示文稿，还可以在互联网上召开面对面会议、远程会议或在网上给观众展示演示文稿。

Microsoft Office PowerPoint做出来的东西叫演示文稿，其格式后缀名为：ppt、pptx；或者也可以保存为：pdf、图片格式等。2010及以上版本中可保存为视频格式。

演示文稿中的每一页就叫幻灯片，每张幻灯片都是演示文稿中既相互独立又相互联系的内容。

⑺ 如何制作学术报告PDF-The Craft of Scientific Presentations

怎么做学术报告 复旦大学环境科学与工程系马臻 演讲与口才 演说 辩论 记者招待会/新闻发布会 主持节目 http://bbs.sogou.com/242725/llGjgO-xvURIBAAAA.html http://www.subaonet.com/html/world/20081013/0810138412223108538.html http://www.newsyn.com/html/guonei/20090324/93812.html http://www.pudong.gov.cn/attach/Image/2009-02-1992070/20090219023250750.jpg 各种presentation的形式 口头报告（oral presentation） 墙报（poster） 商业报告 授课、讲座 Presentation的其它形式——“秀” 世博会美国馆介绍美国精神的短片 http://2010.qq.com/a/20100622/000071.htm#p=5 Presentation的几个功能 1）To inform（通知、告知） 2）To persuade（劝说） 3）To inspire（号召） 当Cicero完成他的演说，人们说：“How well he spoke”。而当Demosthens完成 演说，人们说：“Let us march”。 http://pica.nipic.com/2007-05-16/2007516125638693_2.jpg 鼓舞人心的演说 http://www.kultofathena.com/images/braveheart.jpg http://www.dragons.dk/WW/braveheart5.gif 为什么做报告的能力这么重要？ Being able to make a strong presentation is not only important for communicating the work, but also important for communicating one’s important contribution to the work. Audiences often assign credit for the work to the person who makes the presentation, even if that person presents on behalfof a team. ---- Michael Alley, “The Craft of Scientific Presentation”, p. 2 C.W. “Paul” Chu (朱经武) 休斯敦大学 Maw-Kuen Wu (吴茂昆) 当时在阿拉巴马大学 为什么做报告的能力这么重要？ George W. Bush John F. Kerry “反面教材” 1986年1月，美国宇航飞船挑战者号，在空中解体。事先工程师们强烈建议美国宇航局 推迟发射，但是美国宇航局拒不采纳建议。为什么？ ----Michael Alley, “The Craft of Scientific Presentation”, p. 5-7 Morton‐Thiokol’s?presentation?to?NASA?suffered? because?of?all?capital?letters?on?the?slides PRIMARY CONCERNS FIELD JOINT - HIGHEST CONCERN ? EROSION PENETRATIONOF PRIMARY SEAL REQUIRES RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL FOR PRESSURE INTEGRITY ? IGNITION TRANSIENT - (0-600 MS) ? (0-170 MS) HIGH PROBABILITY OF RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL ? (170-330 MS) REDUCED PROBABILITY OFRELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL ? (330-600 MS) HIGH PROBABILITY OF NO SECONDARY SEAL CAPABILITY ? STEADY STATE - (600 MS - 2 MINUTES) ? IF EROSION PENETRATES PRIMARY O-RING SEAL - HIGH PROBABILITY OF NO SECONDARY SEAL CAPABILITY ? BENCH TESTING SHOWED O-RING NOT CAPABLE OF MAINTAINING CONTACT WITH METAL PARTS GAP OPERATING TO MEOP ? BENCH TESTING SHOWED CAPABILITY TO MAINTAIN O-RING CONTACT DURING INITIAL PHASE (0 - 170 MS) OF TRANSIENT Morton‐Thiokol?Presentation??to?NASA January?27,?1986 http://www.writing.engr.psu.e/handbook/visuals/02.ppt 做报告的口诀——OPEN UP！ OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice 做报告的口诀 OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice Organized的“反面教材” http://www.presentationmagazine.com/humour.htm 学术报告的结构 Beginning Middle Ending ---- The Craft of Scientific Presentations 学术报告的结构（注意过渡） Middle Topic 1 Beginning Topic 2 Ending Topic 3 ---- The Craft of Scientific Presentations http://alchemy.chem.uwm.e/sanluis4/SummerSchoolPDF/Zaera.pdfhttp://www.efcats.org/pages/presentation/oralpresentation.html网页说，如 果你讲一篇文章，听众的注意力随着时间的推移递减，到最后结论部分才 上升。要吸引听众，就是要不断地在当中加料、加油。也就是说要把报告 分为几个部分（几个例子、几条路线）。这样，每一部分的开头，听众有 新鲜感。 单张PPT的组织 http://www.sandia.gov/NINE/images/NINE%20Tech%20Workshop%20Posters% 20and%20Presentations/Tuttle%20Presentation.jpg 单张PPT的组织 http://www.organicfuels.com/library/art/Organic%20Fuels%20Presentation% 20FO%20Lichts%202008%2004%2023.png 做报告的“反面教材” 上面堆满了文字 Morton‐Thiokol’s?presentation?to?NASA?suffered? because?of?all?capital?letters?on?the?slides PRIMARY CONCERNS FIELD JOINT - HIGHEST CONCERN ? EROSION PENETRATION OF PRIMARY SEAL REQUIRES RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL FOR PRESSURE INTEGRITY ? IGNITION TRANSIENT - (0-600 MS) ? (0-170 MS) HIGH PROBABILITY OF RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL ? (170-330 MS) REDUCED PROBABILITY OF RELIABLE SECONDARY SEAL ? (330-600 MS) HIGH PROBABILITY OF NO SECONDARY SEAL CAPABILITY ? STEADY STATE - (600 MS - 2 MINUTES) ? IF EROSION PENETRATES PRIMARY O-RING SEAL - HIGH PROBABILITY OF NO SECONDARY SEAL CAPABILITY ? BENCH TESTING SHOWED O-RING NOT CAPABLE OF MAINTAINING CONTACT WITH METAL PARTS GAP OPERATING TO MEOP ? BENCH TESTING SHOWED CAPABILITY TO MAINTAIN O-RING CONTACT DURING INITIAL PHASE (0 - 170 MS) OF TRANSIENT Morton‐Thiokol?Presentation??to?NASA January?27,?1986 好一点（图文并茂） http://www.writing.engr.psu.e/handbook/visuals/02.ppt http://www.1000ventures.com/design_elements/selfmade/presentation_message _components.png 做报告的“反面教材” 有的人slide背景是深色的，上面堆满 了浅色的文字，看起来很吃力。 好一点（干净整洁） http://0.tqn.com/d/presentationsoft/1/0/J/O/-/-/01hyperlink.png http://www.biau.org/res/_images/res_conf_presentation_clip_image002.gif 做报告的“反面教材” 都是表，让人不知道你要强调什 么，也找不到关键信息。 A figure is better than 1000 words. http://www.pencomputing.com/images/presentation3.jpg http://oralpresentationskills.com/images/oral_presentation_skills.png 做报告的口诀 OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice Passionate 带着激情去作报告。为什么有 些报告内容是好的，效果却不好？ 因为做报告者缺乏激情。那么为什 么要展现激情？有的书上说，如果 你自己不爱你自己的科学，又怎能 让下面的听众爱你的科学呢？又有 的书说，当你站在讲台上的时候， 观众就默认你有重要的、有趣的东 西介绍给大家，而如果你表现出你 讲的东西不重要、没有趣，那么听 众就对你的可信度打折扣了。 Posture http://www.bradmontgomery.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/gesture.jpg 做报告的“反面教材” Hands in pockets Arms crossed http://www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/9503961/2/istockphoto _9503961-happy-mature-businessman-with-his-hands-in-pockets.jpg http://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/422872/422872,1277760804,1/ stock-photo-happy-businessman-standing-with-hands-in-pocket-in-front-of-windowslooking-at-camera-smiling-56155045.jpg 做报告的“反面教材” Hands on hips Parade rest http://www.elite-view.com/art/Ecation/History/255642~Adolf-Hitler-Poised-Hands-on-Hips-Sporting-Lederhosen-and-Shirt-with-Swastika-Arm-Patch-Posters.jpg http://www.hardscrabblefarm.com/images/ww2/drill_manual/parade_rest_woarms.gif Voice Inflection http://www.idratherbewriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/voiceover.gif 做报告的“反面教材” 有的教授在报告中不时出现毫无意义的口头禅 (verbal graffiti)： 1）We actually... 2）We clearly… 3）It is clearly… 4）Frankly… 5）To be honest… 6）Well… 7）I mean,... 8）You know... 9）Like I said before... 10）..., OK? 11）..., right? graffiti 做报告的口诀 OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice Engaging http://www.o2.com/cr/report2005/images_content/engaging.jpg Engaging的“反面教材” http://www.sequenceweb.co.uk/resources/image/Poor%20presentation.jpg Humor 《美国人演讲靠什么抓住观众？》 小布什总统在伊拉克演讲遭遇记者“丢 鞋”事件后，有个演讲者这样开场：“今天我 来这里演讲，如果有观众想扔鞋的话，请 一定要扔两只，并且最好是43码的。” Speak to the interests of your audience 美菱推出一种新冰箱，说有十种自有 产权技术。但这样的广告不好。后来，专 家想出个点子，把该冰箱取名美菱第二代 冰箱。号称第一代冰箱是保质冰箱，东西 放进去不会烂；而第二代冰箱是保鲜冰箱 ，不但不会烂，菜还是那么水灵，水果不 皱皮，还是那样新鲜。 Eye contact http://cypressmedia.net/articles/article/24/important_presentation_pointers 做报告的“反面教材” 有的人眼镜看着屏幕，屁股对着听众。 http://www.haldaneconsulting.com/images/communication-presentation-skills-home.jpg http://www.imagegroupuk.com/includes/spaw2/uploads/images/Presentation%20main.jpg 做报告的“反面教材” 照着念稿。 请注意不要超时！ http://globalmeetingplanning.com/resources/_wsb_327x236_bigstockphoto_ Empty_Congress_Hall_55742.jpg http://bw.stma.k12.mn.us/resources/2nd_grade/_image/clock.gif 做报告的口诀 OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice Natural http://www.handcar.net/images/NaturalBridges.jpg 做报告的口诀 OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice Know Your Audience http://www.presentationmagazine.com/humour.htm 听众和场合的细分 1）到中学去作报告。 2）给本科生授课。 3）给研究生授课。 4）在课题组内部作组会报告。 5）毕业论文答辩。 6）参加专业会议，听众为“小同行”。 7）参加学术会议，听众为“大同行”+“小同行”。 8）面对新闻记者和社会公众，召开新闻发布会。 9）对企业界老总推销自己研发的技术。 如果是“混合型”听众怎么办？ First Major Topic Second Major Topic Ending Intro time Nontechnical General technical Specialist depth ---- The Craft of Scientific Presentations 做报告的口诀 OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice Practice（Prepare） 第164页写道：“为了成为出色 的演说家，我要求自己每个月做两 次演讲，而且，每次都要我的同学 或朋友去旁听，为我提出反馈意见 ；我对自己承诺，不事先排练三次 ，决不上台演讲；我要求自己每个 月去听演讲，并向优秀的演说家请 教。” Prepare Start preparing as soon as you are given (or accept) a speaking assignment. You have much to do, and to do it right take time. ----101 Secretsof Highly Effective Speakers Practice的方式 可以叫同学和老师陪练，提出各种 尖锐的问题（这些问题也是将来听众会 产生疑惑的地方），然后针对问题补充 、修改内容。 人要衣装 穿上西装和皮鞋使你更显得职业化 ，提高你在公众面前的“可信度”，并使 自己信心倍增，“演出”效果更好。 http://cypressmedia.net/articles/article/22/final_preparations_for_your_presentation 让我们再回顾一下做报告的口诀——OPEN UP！ OPEN UP! ?Organized ?Passionate ?Engaging ?Natural ?Understand your audience ?Practice 

⑻ 关于一个英文presentation 和IT方面有关系

这有几个pdf的你参考一下吧：
http://www.cigital.com/papers/download/bsi3-risk.pdf

http://users.ece.gatech.e/~leehs/pub/drm04.pdf

http://www.treeage.com/resources/includes/Victor_cs.pdf

http://www.solver.com/ForesightSoftwareReview.pdf

http://www.pmforum.org/library/tips/2006/PDFs/Project_Risk_Analysis_and_Prioritzation.pdf

Risk Analysis Control & Assessment
Risk Analysis, Control & Assessment
Computer Database Software Risks
Controls Assessment is a risk assessment and risk management method used to identify and evaluate controls to manage and rece risk in computer software.

This discussion offers a framework for enumerating and analyzing controls in computer programs so as to rece business risk. The controls assessment method will help determine if additional controls or proceres are warranted based on cost benefit assessment.

Some examples of software which should be considered for risk assessment are:

Spreadsheet used periodically to analyze data

Department- or Group-level database such as Microsoft Access

Financial package such as Quick Books or a custom developed application

Process-control computer

Security/fire systems

Corporate-wide CRM databases

Software Controls Assessment (SCA) should be implemented as a standard operating procere risk assessment in your business. The assessment is concted on a scheled basis. The frequency of the SCA will depend on your business as well as the criticality of the computer program. Typically review cycles range from 1 to 5 years. The reason for the repeated application of the SCA process is that there is nothing more consistent in business than change - especially when it comes to computers.

We recommend that you develop preprinted forms (or a database system) to record all information in the process.

The Assessment Process
An outline of the key steps in a SCA process follows:

I. Starting SRA
1) Inventory all computer systems. This inventory would include key attributes of the programs such as:

a) Purpose

b) Location

c) Responsible Person

d) General importance to the business

i) High

ii) Medium

iii) Low

2) Prioritize the IT Computer Controls Analyses of the above systems based on the general importance (1d above) of each.

3) Establish one or more teams to perform the SCAs. Ideally, the team members should represent several disciplines within the company, such as software, finance, management and system subject-matter specialist.

Software Risk Assessment & Risk Management Steps
II. Risk Assessment Steps
1) Identify system output(s).

2) For each output determine the events that could happen to the output or information. Some events to consider are:

a) Long-term unavailability of output

b) Intermediate-term unavailability

c) Short term unavailability - may be seconds or minutes in some cases

d) Premature dissemination of time-critical information (e.g., web post too early)

e) Dissemination of output to unauthorized indivials (e.g., classified or sensitive information)

f) Missing or lost output (e.g., batch run of retirement checks – one check missing)

g) Errors/miscalculations in output

3) For each event in 2 above determine the criticality / importance to the business. The criticality is most often distilled to a dollar amount of loss to the business. This dollar amount may be derived by considering some of the following results stemming from the events:

a) Theft/loss of money

b) Lost lead time for procts

c) Loss of information to a competitor

d) Incorrect decisions based on erroneous data

e) Law suit

f) Fire/Flood, or other preventable disaster

4) Determine the probability (high, medium, low) of occurrence of each event identified in 2 above.

5) For each event cataloged in 2 above identify one or more possible scenarios that could cause the event to happen. For a first-time SCA develop these scenarios without regard to any existing controls. Determine the probability (high, medium, low) of occurrence for each scenario. It is helpful to discuss how the event could happen when determining the probability.

6) At this step we determine if further work needs to be done based upon the event-criticality versus the scenario-probability (C/P index). You may decide that you do not want to pursue further assessment for C/P indexes of Low/Low. If a software system has only an Low/Low C/P index, then the SCA process stops here – time to wrap up the documentation and file it for future review.

7) For those software systems that have C/P indexes other than Low/Low you will want to complete the SCA.

8) For each output-event-scenario combination, define controls that might be put into place to prevent the instance. For first- time SCAs identify controls that already exist and mark them as existing. Types of controls are:

a) Separation of ties

b) Internet fire wall installation

c) Emergency power backup

d) Fire suppression/flood detection system installation

e) Password protection/expiration of passwords

f) Inclusion of software system in company disaster recovery plan

9) Determine the cost of each new control

10) Analyze the cost versus the potential loss to determine if implementation of each control is justified.

11) For those controls to be implemented determine a schele for implementation.

12) Last step is to schele a review of the SCA at some future date.

Process Summary
III. Summary

Overall the process for program risk assessment is pretty simple:

Catalog application programs

Prioritize order of SCA processing

Identify program outputs

Identify what can go wrong with the outputs

Identify controls that will prevent/detect problems with the output

Evaluate the cost/benefit of implementing the controls

Track control implementation and schele an SCA review

2
If you thought that building complex models for simulation or discrete analysis would require buying ridiculously expensive software and then writing code on top of that... we have good news for you!

ReliaSoft's RENO software tool is a powerful and user-friendly platform for building and running complex analyses for any probabilistic or deterministic scenario using an intuitive flowchart modeling approach and simulation. You can create flowchart models for complex reliability analyses, risk and safety analyses, decision making or maintenance planning. You can also build models for other applications, such as optimizing your stock portfolio or testing your blackjack strategy!

Software Features
RENO employs a visual and intuitive flowcharting approach to allow you to build models for analyzing even the most complex probabilistic or deterministic scenarios. The software provides an array of definitions and constructs that will allow you to model the situation that you wish to examine. It also provides built-in auto-complete, IntelliSense, color-coding and "debugger" features that will help you build and verify the model. You can then apply simulation to estimate or optimize the results that you need for risk analysis, complex reliability modeling, maintenance planning, operational research, financial planning or other analysis objectives.

RENO Features Summary

Available Training
ReliaSoft offers a two-day training course that focuses on the principles of probabilistic event and risk analysis using flowchart simulation. The course provides hands-on training with the RENO software tool including numerous case studies that address complex reliability analyses, risk and safety analyses, and optimization methods.

RS 525: Simulation Modeling for Reliability and Risk Analysis
Step-by-Step Training Guide (*.pdf)

Applications and Benefits
You can use RENO for a wide variety of applications including, but not limited to:

Risk/Safety Analysis
Complex Reliability Modeling
Decision Making
Maintenance Planning
Optimization
Operational Research
Financial Analysis
You can use the flowchart models that you create with RENO to estimate results of interest, perform sensitivity analysis to evaluate how key inputs will affect the results and automatically estimate optimum values by performing multiple simulation runs.

3
Risk Analysis Software
The business world is filled with uncertainty. Will a new proct launch be successful? Will a project go off schele and over budget? Will a key supplier fail to deliver materials on time? The Vanguard System™ helps businesses understand and plan for uncertainty using a comprehensive quantitative risk analysis approach. Vanguard's risk analysis software will help you identify the sources of business risk and plan corrective actions.

A History of Simplistic Analysis
Risk analysis is a complex process. There are countless sources of risk in every area of a business and each spawns ripple effects throughout the enterprise. These interactions are far too complex for any one indivial to understand fully. Historically, many companies have been forced to accept simplistic forms of risk analysis such as "street light" indicators (red, yellow, green), point estimates (representing a single scenario), or limited range estimates (Best- and Worst-case scenarios).

The Analysis You Really Need
Vanguard offers an alternative: the analysis you really need! Vanguard is the first risk analysis software to give you complete visibility and insight into your business. Due to its sophisticated yet simple interface, Vanguard enables you to capture expert knowledge from within your company and apply it to your risk analyses. Leveraging your existing company knowledge with our unique combination of Expert System technology and advanced analytical methods gives you the power to facedown risky decisions and grow your business more confidently.

Use Vanguard for indivial risk analysis projects and as a core component of corporate risk management strategies.

Vanguard can automatically identify which risks
are most important to your company.

Enterprise Knowledge Capture
The knowledge your business needs to build comprehensive risk models lies with expert employees who are spread through out organization. With Vanguard, you no longer need to rely on the analysis of a single modeler with second-hand knowledge. Instead, Vanguard enables you to directly involve key experts in a collaborative modeling process to create a collective intelligence that is unachievable any other way. This collective intelligence is captured as component models in a reusable knowledge base, or model library, that grows through continued use.

What's more, Vanguard automatically handles all of the intricate complexities of combining models when they are built by people in different countries using different currencies, different time scales, and different update scheles.

Fully-Quantified Impacts
Vanguard applies a variety of modeling and simulation methods to your risk models to quantify the financial and operational impacts at all levels of an enterprise. You can replace point estimates with fuzzy values that reflect your uncertainty. This helps you assess the range and likelihood of potential outcomes. Even when historical data is scarce, Vanguard knows how to interpret your management estimates, assumptions, and uncertainties.

Simulating thousands of real-world scenarios at the same time, Vanguard identifies your most important risks and opportunities. You can try your own what-if scenarios or let Vanguard show you where to focus your attention, how to optimize your resources, and which risk mitigation strategies to prepare.

Use Time-based projection simulations to illustrate
the effects of uncertainty over time.

Benefits / Features
Collaboration: Many indivials simultaneously contribute to an analysis effort. Like building blocks, easily combine their knowledge, assumptions, and historical data into risk models.
Roll up / Drill down: Roll-up your analysis to see the effects on the enterprise as a whole, or drill down into specific areas of the business for greater detail and understanding.
Instant Web reports: With a few clicks, Vanguard turns models into interactive Web reports. Access your models anytime from anywhere, fully exercise the models in real time, and distribute your results to everyone who needs them.
Open and transparent: Models are displayed graphically and use plain English formulas, making them easy to communicate to colleagues, management, or clients. Anyone can quickly review assumptions, gain insight into your results, and provide feedback.
Reusable model library: You do not have to re-invent the wheel with each new planning and analysis effort. Simply search your model library to find similar or related models that you can update, link to, or specialize.
Easy integration: Vanguard integrates directly with your existing business systems such as databases, enterprise applications, and even spreadsheets.

不知道能不能帮上忙

⑼ 使用java怎样把ppt转化成PDF

使用free spire.presentation for java
import com.spire.presentation.FileFormat;
import com.spire.presentation.Presentation;
public class PPTToPDF {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Presentation ppt = new Presentation();
ppt.loadFromFile("xx.ppt");
ppt.saveToFile("xx.pdf", FileFormat.PDF);
}
}

⑽ PDF5MB最多能写多少个英文单词啊

500个词即可： Offer， package， resume，plant manager，supervisor， superitedent, poject, multi-functional team, team-work, workshop, presentation, wrap-up, case, case-study, drive-away, automobile, mobile phone, world-wide-web。